How to Prepare Your Case Right Now, Even While We Wait for More Details

We want to be upfront with you: we are still waiting on official guidance from USCIS about exactly how this new memo will be put into practice. We don't have all the answers yet, and we won't pretend otherwise.

But here's what we do know, and it's actually good news: 

In light of the USCIS memo on AOS applications, there are concrete things you can do right now to help put your best foot forward, whether you're preparing for an upcoming interview or getting ahead of a potential Request for Evidence (RFE).

We’ve prepared this guide, based on the USCIS Policy Manual. It’s what USCIS uses to guide their processes and make their decisions. As stated on their site, “the USCIS Policy Manual is the agency’s centralized online repository for USCIS’ immigration policies”. 

Specifically, we followed the details and framework outlined in Volume 7 - Adjustment of Status, Part A - Adjustment of Status Policies and Procedures, Chapter 10 - Legal Analysis and Use of Discretion. If you’d like further reading, please feel free to review it yourself here. 

We have done our best to walk you through how this policy might be implemented when it comes to your Adjustment of Status application and interview.

SimpleCitizen, Inc. is not a law firm or lawyer referral service. The services and information provided are not legal advice and do not substitute the same level of advice, opinion, guidance or recommendation that a licensed immigration attorney can provide. SimpleCitizen is not affiliated with USCIS. 

First, Let's Explain "Discretion" in Plain English

When USCIS says an approval is "discretionary," it means the officer reviewing your case has the authority to make a judgment call. They aren't just checking a list of boxes. They're looking at the full picture of who you are and what your life looks like here in the United States.

Think of it like this: the officer is using a weighing scale. On one side are the things that support your case: your family, your job, your years living here, your record. On the other side are things that may raise concerns. The officer's job is to look at both sides and ask:

"Is approving this application in the best interest of the United States?"

The key thing to understand: you have real power to influence that scale. 

The stronger and more clearly documented your positive factors are, the better your chances of a favorable outcome.

What Are "Positive Factors"?

These are the parts of your life and history that work in your favor. USCIS officers are required to consider them. Here are some of the most important ones, with examples of what they actually look like:

• History of following the law, including immigration law: Have you always maintained a valid immigration status? Entered legally? Followed the terms of your visa? This is one of the most important factors an officer weighs. If your record is clean, that's a positive.
  
  
• Close family ties to U.S. citizens or permanent residents: A U.S. citizen spouse, children born here, or permanent resident family members are significant. The officer is required to consider the hardship that a denial would cause your family, especially children. The closer and more meaningful the relationship, the more weight it carries.
  
  
• Hardship if your application is denied: What would it actually mean for your life, and for your family's life, if you had to leave? Think about your children's schooling, your spouse's employment, medical needs, and financial obligations. Hardship is a real factor, and it deserves a real explanation.
  
  
• Length of lawful residence in the United States: The longer you've lived here lawfully, especially if you came as a child or young adult, the more it speaks to how deeply rooted you are in this country. Strong community ties built over many years matter.
  
  
• Stable authorized employment history: Consistent work, a reliable income, and a history of steady employment all reflect well on your application. Officers consider the type of work you do, how long you've held jobs, and whether your employment history is stable.
  
  
• History of paying taxes: Filing your taxes every year and meeting your tax obligations is a clear, documentable sign that you're contributing to and investing in life in the U.S.
  
  
• Education, training, and skills gained in the US: Degrees, certificates, and vocational training (especially those earned here) demonstrate your commitment to building a future in this country.
  
  
• Value and service to your community: Volunteer work, religious or civic involvement, owning a home or business, or coaching a youth sports team all help paint a picture of someone who is genuinely part of their community, not just living in it.
  
  
• Good character: Honesty, integrity, the way you've conducted yourself throughout your life here. Officers look at the full picture of who you are as a person. Sometimes, affidavits or letters of support from friends and family can help strengthen this. 

What Are "Adverse Factors"?

These are things that may raise concerns for an officer. We're sharing these not to alarm you, but because being honest with yourself and your case team is the most important thing you can do right now.

• Violations of immigration law or the terms of your status: Any period of unlawful presence, overstaying a visa, or violating the terms of your immigration status (like working without authorization) can be weighed against you.
  
  
• Conduct inconsistent with your visa type: Actions or behavior that suggest you may have misrepresented your intentions when you entered the United States. USCIS may look at whether your activities matched the purpose of the visa you used to enter the country. For example, if you came on a tourist visa but immediately began working or set up a business, that could be seen as inconsistent with the purpose of your original entry.
  
  
• Overstaying your authorized period of stay: Remaining in the U.S. beyond the date on your I-94 is one of the most common adverse factors. The length of the overstay and the reason for it both matter.
  
  
• Any criminal history: Any arrests, charges, or convictions (even minor ones) may be considered. The nature of the offense, how long ago it happened, and any evidence of rehabilitation are all relevant.
  
  
• False statements to U.S. government authorities: Any misrepresentation, whether on a visa application, at a port of entry, or in dealings with USCIS, is taken very seriously.
  
  
• Inconsistencies with past statements to immigration officials: If what you're saying now doesn't line up with what you said when you entered the country or applied for your visa, that can raise red flags.
  
  
• Country-specific vetting concerns: USCIS may consider conditions or limitations related to an applicant’s country of nationality or residence when reviewing an immigration case. In some situations, concerns may arise if the U.S. government has limited access to reliable records, identity verification systems, or security and background screening information from a particular country. These reviews are generally tied to broader vetting and screening procedures and do not automatically mean an application will be denied.
  
  
• National security or public safety concerns: USCIS conducts security and background checks to help ensure that individuals seeking immigration benefits do not pose a threat to national security, public safety, or the well-being of the United States. This review may include evaluating criminal history, security screenings, immigration records, affiliations, or other factors that could raise concerns during the application process. This is a standard part of nearly every USCIS review and applies to all applicants.
  
  

If any of these apply to your situation, please do not panic; instead, talk to an immigration attorney as soon as possible. Many of these factors can be addressed, contextualized, or offset by strong positive factors. An attorney can help you understand your specific situation and how to strengthen your application to give you the best chance at success possible

What You Should Do Right Now: Start A File

Here's the most concrete thing you can do today, before we even know the full details of how USCIS will implement this policy:

Start building your personal "discretion file."

This is a list of the positive factors that apply to your life, written in your own words, with supporting documents attached. Think of it like preparing the best possible argument for why you deserve to be here. Because you do.

Here's how to start:

1. Open a document and start listing your positive factors. For each one, write a bullet point and then 1–3 sentences explaining the relevant details of your situation.
   Example:
   
   • Family ties: My U.S. citizen wife and I have been married for six years and have two children, ages 3 and 5, who were born here. Returning to my home country would mean uprooting our entire family and separating our children from the only home they've ever known.

2. Be honest about any adverse factors. If something applies to your situation, write it down and note any context or mitigating circumstances. Knowing what's in your file before an officer does is always better.
   
   
3. Start gathering documents that support your positive factors. For each bullet point, ask yourself: what evidence do I have to back this up? Upload them into a folder that you can easily access or share with an immigration attorney if needed.

Examples of helpful documents:

• Tax returns (last 2–3 years, or covering your entire time in the US)
• Pay stubs and employment records for authorized employment
• Marriage certificate, birth certificates for children
• Lease agreements, mortgage documents, or utility bills showing your address history
• Letters from employers, community organizations, religious leaders, or neighbors
• Degrees, certificates, and vocational training
• School enrollment records for yourself or your children (if any)
• Evidence of volunteer work or community involvement
• Medical records or documentation of any hardship factors

A Note on What Comes Next

We want to be clear: while we await official guidance from USCIS, we don't yet know exactly how USCIS officers will apply this policy in practice. What we've shared here is based on the official USCIS Policy Manual and the guidance that has always governed the exercise of discretion in Adjustment of Status cases. The new memo brings this framework into sharper focus. It doesn't replace it.

More detailed guidance from USCIS is expected in the coming weeks. As soon as we have it, we'll share it here and reach out to customers whose cases may be most directly affected.

In the meantime, starting your list costs you nothing and could make a real difference. We're here to help you every step of the way.

And, as always, we're happy you're here.

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May 29, 2026 -- Update

We've created a guide designed to help walk you through how you can strengthen your application to prepare for USCIS's renewed emphasis on discretion when evaluating green card applications. Click the link to learn more! 

May 27, 2026 — Update

First things first: take a breath. We know this announcement felt alarming, and honestly, the way USCIS worded it was jarring, even to people who work in immigration every day. This caught nearly everyone off guard, including many USCIS officers themselves.

Our strongest advice right now: step away from social media and Reddit. There is an enormous amount of speculation circulating, and almost none of it is based on confirmed information from official sources. We'll continue to keep this page updated with what's actually known.

AOS Is Not Ending

One thing that the USCIS memo does make clear: Adjustment of Status is still available. USCIS is still accepting applications, field offices are still conducting interviews, and cases are still being approved. Your work and travel authorization (EAD/AP) remain available while your application is pending. None of that has changed.

What the memo does is remind officers that they've always had the authority to use their judgment and discretion when deciding whether to approve a case. This is a responsibility that USCIS officers have held since the beginning of the AOS process. In other words, this is not a new rule. It's an old rule getting new attention.

What We're Hearing From Customers at Interviews

We've already spoken with customers who have had USCIS interviews since the memo was released. Although it’s still new and we’ve only got a small handful of stories from our customers who have been through the interview process since the update, we want to share that information with the obvious caveat that these are only anecdotal stories, NOT official policy rules. Your experience may be different.

Here’s what our customers have told us about their experience at their USCIS interviews:

The officers conducting interviews seem just as uncertain and confused about this process as everyone else. This guidance is new to them too, and they're figuring out how to apply it in real time.

We’ve heard that officers have asked applicants to answer a short set of written questions. These questions have included:

• Why did you apply for Adjustment of Status in the U.S. instead of Consular Processing?
• Are there any factors that prevented you from pursuing Consular Processing?
• Why didn't you return to your home country after your visa expired?

While it’s still unconfirmed publicly from USCIS, these questions might be designed to help the officer understand your individual situation and the reasons you built your life here. If you have an upcoming interview, it's worth thinking through your own honest answers. If USCIS confirms that these questions are officially part of the interview process, we will update our systems and guidance to help you best prepare to answer. 

What Officers Are Actually Looking At & How You Can Help Your Case

According to the USCIS Policy Manual (Volume 7, Part A, Chapter 10), when an officer decides whether to approve an AOS application, they are required to weigh your positive factors against any negative ones. They are looking at the full picture of your life in the United States.

The good news: there is a lot you can do to put your best foot forward.

Factors that work in your favor include:

• Family ties. Having a U.S. citizen or permanent resident spouse, children, or other close family members in the U.S. and the depth of those relationships matters. The disruption that a denial or starting a consular process would cause to your family, especially children, is something officers are required to consider.
• Time in the U.S. The length of your lawful residence here is a meaningful positive factor.
• Steady employment. A stable work history demonstrates that you are a contributing member of your community. Things that help support this point are consistent employment, a reliable income, paying your taxes, etc. 
• Education and skills. Degrees, certifications, and specialized training obtained in the U.S. are counted in your favor.
• Community ties. Owning a home, running a business, volunteering, or being actively involved in your community all reflect positively on your application.
• Clean record. No criminal history, no fraud, and a track record of following the rules, including immigration rules, is one of the most important things an officer looks at.
• Compliance with immigration laws. How you've respected the terms of your visa and immigration status throughout your time in the U.S. is directly relevant.

Factors that work against applicants include, but are not limited to:

Immigration violations, unauthorized employment, criminal history, fraud or misrepresentation in any government dealings, unpaid taxes, or failure to follow court orders. If any of these apply to your situation, it's especially important to speak with an immigration attorney.

The officer's job is to weigh all of these factors together and ask: is approving this application in the best interest of the United States? The stronger your positive record, the stronger your case.

What Comes Next

This was an unexpected announcement, and the specific details of how USCIS plans to implement it are still being worked out. Additional guidance is expected within the next one to two weeks. As soon as there is more to share, we will post it here.

In the meantime, our team is actively reviewing SimpleCitizen cases and working closely with our 3rd party attorney network. If your situation involves complexity, an immigration violation, a gap in status, a criminal record, or other concerns, we strongly encourage you to connect with an immigration attorney. Your case team can help point you in the right direction.

Previous Updates

• May 26, 2026 1:43pm MT: Our team and partner attorneys are actively reviewing SimpleCitizen cases that may be impacted. We are prioritizing outreach based on specific case needs, so please keep an eye on your inbox. Your case team will be in touch over the next 2–3 days with next steps.‍
• May 22, 2026 6:26pm MT: For now, the best thing you can do is keep working on your application as planned, unless an immigration lawyer tells you otherwise. Refresh this page to see the latest news.

The U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) recently sent out a reminder memo to its officers. The memo says that approving an "Adjustment of Status" (which is the official name for getting a green card while living in the U.S.) is up to the officer's judgment. Officers were told to look at each case one by one to decide if the applicant is a "good fit" for permanent residence.

Because of this memo, and the social media posts USCIS shared about it, a lot of people in immigrant communities are understandably worried.

What Does This Actually Mean?

The memo points out that this process is "discretionary." That is just a legal word meaning USCIS officers have always had the power to make the final call. They can technically deny an application even if the person meets all the basic requirements. This has actually always been the rule. This isn't the first time USCIS has brought up an old rule to remind its staff how to do things. For example, late last summer, they did something very similar by reminding officers to strictly check the "Good Moral Character" requirement for people applying for citizenship.

While this memo has left people with many questions, please note that we probably won't get more details from USCIS right away. When they updated the Good Moral Character rule last year, it took several weeks before we actually saw how it changed things for applicants.

What You Should Do Next

• Keep Going: Right now, the best move is to keep preparing your application exactly as you planned.
• Seek Guidance: If you have a unique situation or are worried about your specific case, check in with an immigration lawyer.
• We’ve Got Your Back: We are working closely with our partner attorney network and the members of the legal community to figure out the best ways to help applicants at every stage of the process. We will update this page as soon as we know more!

Please rest assured that SimpleCitizen is here to help however we can.

And, as always, We're Happy You're Here! ‍

There has been a meaningful development in a proposed immigration rule that could affect how international students, exchange visitors, and foreign media representatives maintain their status in the United States.

While nothing has changed yet, this update signals that things are moving closer to finalization and that a decision may be coming soon.

Let’s walk through what’s happening, what could change, and how to think about it moving forward.

This content is for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. For advice about your specific situation, consult a licensed immigration attorney.

Where Things Stand Now

The U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) has taken the next formal step in the rulemaking process by sending its proposal to the Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs (OIRA).

This stage matters because OIRA acts as a final checkpoint before a rule is officially published.

At this point, DHS has already:

• Collected and reviewed public feedback
• Refined the proposal internally
• Submitted it for regulatory review

This doesn’t mean the rule is final—but it does mean it’s getting closer.

A Quick Look at “Duration of Status”

If you’re in the U.S. on an F, J, or I visa, your stay is typically governed by a term called “duration of status,” often abbreviated D/S.

In plain terms, that means:

• You can remain in the U.S. as long as you continue to meet the requirements of your visa category
• Your stay isn’t tied to a fixed end date on your entry record

This approach has made it easier for students and exchange visitors to complete programs that may shift or extend over time.

What the Proposed Rule Would Do

The proposal under review would replace this flexible system with a more structured timeline.

Instead of remaining eligible for as long as you remain eligible, individuals would be admitted for a set period of time. After that, staying longer would require a formal request.

Here are some of the key ideas that could be included in the final rule:

A shift to fixed timelines

Most students and exchange visitors could be admitted for a defined number of years, rather than an open-ended period tied to their program.

Extensions would require approval

To remain in the U.S. beyond the initial period, individuals would likely need to apply with U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services and show that they still qualify.

Academic flexibility could narrow

Changing programs may become more limited, especially if the new program is not at a higher academic level.

Less time after finishing a program

The window to prepare for departure after completing a program could be shortened.

Tighter consequences for falling out of status

Unlawful presence could begin accumulating more quickly in certain situations, particularly after a denial.

Each of these changes would add more structure—but also more responsibility—to maintaining lawful status.

What Happens Next?

Now that the proposal is under review, the timeline becomes less predictable.

OIRA reviews can move quickly or take some time, depending on the complexity of the rule.

If approved, once that review is complete:

• The final version will be published publicly
• The full details will become available
• An effective date will be announced, often within a couple of months of publication

Until then, the exact contents of the final rule remain unknown.

What You Should Do Right Now

It’s completely normal to feel uncertain when you hear about potential changes like this, especially when so many of the details are still unknown. 

The good news is that this change is still in review and your current status is not yet affected if you’re currently in the U.S. on an F, J, or I visa:

• Your existing rules still apply
• You do not need to take immediate action
• Duration of status is still in place, for now

That said, this is a helpful moment to stay proactive. Keeping your records organized and understanding your long-term plans can make future transitions smoother.

Why This Update Matters

Even though the rule is not final yet, it represents a broader shift in how status could be managed moving forward.

A move toward fixed timelines would likely mean:

• More frequent filings and interactions with USCIS
• Additional costs and processing steps
• Less flexibility if your plans change unexpectedly
• Better planning and record keeping required

For many people, the path forward will still be very manageable—but it may require more planning than before.

We’ll Keep Following This

Immigration updates like this can feel like moving targets, especially when details are still being finalized.

Our goal is to make these changes easier to understand—without the stress or confusion that often comes with legal updates.

As soon as more information is available, we’ll break it down clearly so you know exactly what it means for you.

We’re happy you’re here! 

What This Means for Your Case

If you’ve been waiting for an update from U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS), you may be hearing about a new change that could impact processing times.

Here’s the most important thing to know right away:
This is a confirmed update—not a proposal—and it may cause short-term delays for some pending applications.

The good news? You likely don’t need to do anything.

Now let’s walk through what’s happening in simple terms.

This content is for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. For advice about your specific situation, consult a licensed immigration attorney.

A Quick Summary of the Update

On April 27, 2026, USCIS began using a new, enhanced security vetting process for certain immigration applications.

This update means:

• USCIS is expanding how it reviews applicants’ background checks
• Many pending cases will have fingerprints reprocessed through a newer system
• Some applications may experience temporary delays

USCIS has stated publicly that any delays “should be brief and resolved shortly,” but exact timelines are not yet known.

What Is Changing?

To understand the update, it helps to know how background checks normally work.

When you apply for many immigration benefits, USCIS collects your fingerprints and sends them to the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) to check for criminal history.

Now, USCIS is:

• Re-running fingerprint checks through an enhanced FBI system
• Expanding access to additional federal criminal databases
• Requiring updated checks before approving certain pending cases

Internal guidance instructs officers not to approve cases until these new checks are completed.

Who Is Affected?

This change applies to applications that require fingerprint-based background checks, including:

• Green card applications (Adjustment of Status)
• Naturalization (citizenship) applications
• Asylum-related cases handled by USCIS offices

If your case is currently pending and your background check was submitted before April 27, 2026, there’s a strong chance it will be reprocessed.

There is one important exception:

• Approved naturalization cases that already have scheduled oath ceremonies are not expected to be impacted

Do You Need to Do Anything?

This is one of the most important takeaways:

No action is required from you.

USCIS officers will:

• Resubmit fingerprints automatically
• Handle the updated checks internally

You do not need to:

• Schedule a new biometrics appointment
• Contact USCIS
• Submit additional documents (unless specifically requested)

Will This Delay Your Case?

Possibly—but likely not dramatically.

USCIS has shared that:

• Delays may happen while checks are reprocessed
• These delays are expected to be temporary

That said, we don’t yet have exact timelines. Some applicants may see little to no impact, while others could notice a pause before a decision is issued.

If your case has felt “stuck” recently, this update may help explain why.

Why Is This Happening?

According to USCIS, the goal is to:

• Strengthen screening and vetting processes
• Expand access to federal criminal history data
• Improve overall security review standards

This change follows a broader policy direction to increase background screening across immigration systems.

How to Stay on Track

Even with changes like this, there are still a few simple ways to stay in control:

• Keep your contact information updated with USCIS
• Watch for any official notices (just in case)
• Continue preparing for your next step (interview, documents, etc.)

And if you’re working on your application now, this is a great reminder of how important it is to submit a complete and well-prepared case from the start.

Need Help Navigating Your Case?

Whether you’re just getting started or waiting on a decision, having the right support can make a big difference—especially when unexpected updates happen.

With SimpleCitizen, you can:

• Prepare your application with step-by-step guidance
• Get your case reviewed by a licensed immigration attorney
• Stay organized and confident throughout the process

Our platform is designed to make immigration feel more manageable—without the high cost of traditional legal services.

You can get started or learn more here: https://simplecitizen.com/pricing/

SimpleCitizen is not a law firm. We provide access to attorney support through our network of independent immigration attorneys,

Final Thoughts

Updates like this can feel a little disruptive—especially when you’re already waiting.

But here’s what matters most:

This is a system-wide update designed to enhance security, not a change to your eligibility or outcome.

There may be a short delay, but your case is still moving forward.

We’ll continue to monitor this closely and share updates as more details become available—so you can stay informed without feeling overwhelmed.

We’re happy you’re here!

‍

For millions of people, taking the Oath of Allegiance and becoming a naturalized U.S. citizen is the culmination of years of hard work, patience, and hope. Recent headlines regarding the Department of Justice’s focus on denaturalization can understandably cause anxiety. However, it is important to understand why these actions happen and what it means for you.‍

What is Denaturalization?

Denaturalization is a legal process used only in specific, rare circumstances. It is not a tool meant to be used against law-abiding citizens; rather, it is a mechanism to address cases where citizenship was obtained through willful misrepresentation or fraud. We are, however, seeing this tool used more frequently now than in the past.‍
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The Core Principle: The U.S. immigration system relies on the "honor system" backed by rigorous verification. When someone intentionally provides false information to bypass legal requirements, it undermines the integrity of the system for everyone else.

Why Honesty is Critical

The most effective way to protect your future in the United States is simple: complete truthfulness. Wherever you are in your immigration journey, keep these points in mind:

• Disclose Your History: This includes previous legal encounters, travel history, and past associations. In many cases, a past mistake is not an automatic bar to citizenship, but hiding that mistake can be.
• Consistency is Key: Ensure that the information on your naturalization application matches the records you provided during your initial visa or Green Card process.
• Seek Professional Advice: If you are unsure how to answer a question or have a complex legal history, seek support. For many, this would mean consulting with a licensed immigration attorney. Correcting an error early is far better than addressing a discrepancy later.

A Message of Reassurance

If you have been truthful throughout your journey—from your first entry to your naturalization interview—you have followed the path that millions of others have successfully walked. It is normal to be concerned by the news coverage, but try to remember: the recent focus on denaturalization is directed at individuals who committed fraud. By approaching the process with honesty and integrity, you are not just following the law; you are upholding the very values that make citizenship so meaningful. 

This content is for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. For advice about your specific situation, consult a licensed immigration attorney.

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The U.S. government is considering a change that could reshape how international students and exchange visitors stay in the country.

At a high level, the proposal would:

• Replace the current flexible “duration of status” (D/S) system
• Introduce a fixed end date for your stay in the U.S.
• Require formal applications to extend your stay if you need more time
• Shorten certain grace periods and limit some academic flexibility

In other words, instead of staying in the U.S. for as long as your program continues, you would be given a specific timeline—and would need to take action to extend it.

Before we go further, here’s the most important thing to keep in mind:

This is only a proposed rule.

Nothing has been finalized yet. We do not know exactly if, when, or how these changes will be implemented. The government is still reviewing feedback, and the final version (if issued) could look different.

We understand that even hearing about a possible change like this can feel stressful—especially when it affects something as important as your education and future plans. The good news is that you are early. You have time to understand what’s being proposed, and we’ll continue to keep a close eye on things and share updates as more details become available.

This content is for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. For advice about your specific situation, consult a licensed immigration attorney.

Let’s Start With the Basics: What Is “Duration of Status”?

Right now, many international students and exchange visitors benefit from something called “duration of status” (often shortened to D/S). This system is actually more flexible than it might sound at first.

When you enter the U.S. on an F-1 or J-1 visa today:

• You are not given a strict “end date” on your stay
• Instead, you are allowed to remain in the U.S. for as long as you are actively participating in your program
• Your school or program sponsor helps manage extensions internally if your timeline changes

In real life, this means you can focus on school, research, or training without constantly worrying about a countdown clock on your stay. It also means that transferring or extending academic programs can be done with greater ease. For many students, this flexibility has been a quiet but important benefit of studying in the U.S.

What Is the Government Proposing to Change?

The proposed rule from the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) would replace this flexible system with something more structured. This proposed rule was published in the Federal Register on August 18, 2025. 

Instead of being admitted for “duration of status,” students and exchange visitors would be admitted for a fixed period of time with a clear expiration date.

At a high level, this shifts the experience from:

• “Stay as long as your program continues.”

to:

• “Stay until this specific date—then take action if you need more time.”

Let’s walk through what those changes could look like in practice.

A Fixed End Date on Your Stay

Under the proposal, your I-94 (the official record of your admission to the U.S.) would include a specific end date.

This date would typically be:

• The expected end of your academic or exchange program, or
• A maximum of four years, whichever comes first

This is different from today’s open-ended system.

At first glance, having a clear date might feel more predictable. However, if your plans change—or your program takes longer than expected—you would now need to take formal steps to maintain your status and stay in the country.

Extensions Would Become a Formal Process

One of the biggest shifts in this proposal is how extensions would work.

Right now, if you need more time:

• Your school official (like a DSO) can often update your program dates internally
• You typically do not need to file a separate application with the government

Under the proposed rule, that would change.

Instead, you would potentially need to:

• File an official Extension of Stay application with USCIS
• Pay a government filing fee
• Wait for approval before your current stay expires

This introduces a new layer of planning—and a bit more pressure to stay ahead of deadlines.

For longer programs, internships, or additional training (like OPT), students may need to file multiple extensions over time, not just one.

Shorter Grace Periods (Less Time to Transition)

Another change that may seem small—but could feel big in real life—is the grace period.

Currently, F-1 students typically have 60 days after finishing their program to:

• Prepare to leave the U.S.
• Transfer to another school
• Apply for a different visa or benefit

Under the proposal, this would be reduced to 30 days.

That’s half the time to make some pretty important decisions.

If you’ve ever gone through the end of a program, you know that those final weeks can already feel busy and emotional. A shorter grace period would make planning ahead even more important.

Changes to Academic Flexibility

The proposal also introduces new rules around how students can move through their academic journey.

These changes are meant to create more structure, but they may also limit flexibility.

For example:

• Undergraduate students may not be able to change majors or transfer schools during their first year
• Graduate students may not be allowed to change programs at all
• Students may not be able to pursue another degree at the same or lower education level

For students who are still exploring their path—or who discover new opportunities along the way—this could make decisions feel more “locked in” from the beginning.

Staying in Status Becomes More Time-Sensitive

Under the current system, there is greater flexibility in how status is maintained.

Under the proposed system:

• Your lawful stay would be tied directly to your I-94 expiration date
• If that date passes and you haven’t filed an extension, you could begin accruing unlawful presence even if you technically have not finished your academic program. 

In simpler terms, timelines would matter more than ever.

This doesn’t mean the system becomes impossible—it just means it becomes more structured and deadline-driven.

Why Is This Change Being Proposed?

DHS has stated that the goal of these changes is to:

• Improve oversight of student and exchange visitor programs
• Strengthen program integrity
• Better track who is in the U.S. and for how long

At the same time, many schools and organizations have raised concerns that these changes could:

• Increase administrative workload
• Add complexity for students
• Impact enrollment and long-term planning

Like many policy changes, there are different perspectives—and that’s part of why the proposal is still under review.

What Happens Next?

Right now, this rule is still under review.

Here’s what that means in plain terms:

• The proposal has already been published and reviewed publicly
• Government agencies are considering feedback
• A final version may or may not be issued

If a final rule is published, it would likely take effect about 60 days later.

Until then, nothing has changed for current students.

What This Means for You (Right Now)

At this stage, the most important takeaway is this:

You don’t need to take action yet—but it’s smart to stay informed.

If this rule does move forward, the experience of being an international student in the U.S. would likely shift toward:

• More structured timelines
• More government filings
• More proactive planning

And while that may sound intimidating, it’s also something that can be navigated with the right tools and support.

How SimpleCitizen Plans to Help

If this proposal becomes a final rule, SimpleCitizen is preparing to support students and other exchange visitors through these changes.

We’re actively working on solutions designed to help you:

• Understand your deadlines clearly (without confusion)
• Prepare and file extension applications step by step
• Stay organized so nothing slips through the cracks
• Get guidance when you’re unsure what to do next

Our goal is simple: take something that feels complicated and make it feel manageable.

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Final Thoughts

Any time there’s a potential policy change, it’s completely natural to feel a little uncertain—especially when it touches something as important as your ability to study, work, and plan your future.

But here’s the bigger picture: this is still a proposal. Nothing has changed yet, and you have time to understand what’s being discussed and what it could mean for you.

As things evolve, we’ll continue to monitor updates closely and break them down in a way that’s clear, practical, and easy to follow—so you can stay informed without feeling overwhelmed.

And if these changes do move forward, you won’t be navigating them on your own. There will be clear steps to take, and support available to help you move forward with confidence.

We’re glad you’re here!

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If you have been waiting for movement in your immigration case, this is one of those moments worth celebrating. The April Visa Bulletin release brought a meaningful update: the F2A category is now “Current.” For many families, this change can open the door to moving forward faster with a green card application.

If that sounds exciting—but also a little confusing—you are not alone. Let’s walk through what this actually means, why it matters, and what steps you may be able to take next.

This content is for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. For advice about your specific situation, consult a licensed immigration attorney.

What Is the Visa Bulletin?

Before we dive into the update, it helps to understand the tool behind it: the Visa Bulletin.

Each month, the U.S. Department of State publishes the Visa Bulletin, which indicates when applicants can move forward in the green card process based on visa availability.

Because U.S. immigration law limits how many green cards can be issued each year in certain categories, not everyone can move forward right away. Instead, applicants are placed in line—and the Visa Bulletin helps you track your place in that line.

Think of it like a boarding process at the airport. Your “priority date” is your place in line, and the Visa Bulletin tells you when your group is allowed to board.

What Is the F2A Category?

The F2A category is part of the family-based immigration system. It includes:

• Spouses of lawful permanent residents (green card holders)
• Unmarried children under 21 of lawful permanent residents

This category is often among the most closely watched because it directly affects immediate family members trying to be together.

How the Visa Bulletin Works (Simple Version)

Each month, the Visa Bulletin includes charts that show whether you can move forward with your case. The two most important charts are:

• Final Action Dates: When a green card can actually be approved
• Dates for Filing: When you can submit your application (in some cases)

To use the Visa Bulletin, you compare your priority date (the date your petition was filed) to the dates listed. You can find your priority date on your Form I-130 I-797 receipt notice 

Here is the key idea:

• If your priority date is earlier than the listed date, your case is ready to move forward
• If your priority date is later, you are still waiting

And then there is one very important word you might see…CURRENT.

What Does “Current” Mean?

When a category is listed as “Current” (often shown as “C”), it means:

• There is no backlog
• A visa number is immediately available
• Anyone in that category can move forward, regardless of priority date

This is exactly what has happened with the F2A category in the April Visa Bulletin.

What Changed in April?

In the April Visa Bulletin, the F2A category moved to Current.

That means:

• Spouses and unmarried children (under 21) of green card holders are no longer waiting for a visa number
• Eligible applicants may be able to file their green card application now
• Pending cases may move forward more quickly

This is a significant shift, especially if you have been watching slow movement or backlogs in previous months.

Why This Matters (and Why It’s a Big Deal)

For many families, this update removes one of the biggest sources of delay.

Here is why this change is so meaningful:

• It can shorten overall wait times
• It may allow applicants to file their Form I-485 sooner than expected
• It can reduce the time spent separated from family members
• It may unlock benefits like work authorization (EAD) and travel permission (Advance Parole) more quickly
• It may mean that you can file Form I-130 and Form I-485 at the same time.

If you have been waiting for your priority date to become current, this moment can feel like a long-awaited green light.

What You Should Do Next

If you think this change applies to you, here are some helpful next steps to consider.

First, take a moment to confirm your eligibility and your current status in the process. Then, use the checklist below as a guide:

• Check your priority date on your I-130 receipt notice
• Review the latest Visa Bulletin on the U.S. Department of State website
• Confirm whether you can use the Dates for Filing or Final Action Dates chart (this depends on guidance from U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services each month)
• If eligible, begin preparing your green card application (Form I-485) or consular processing steps
• Gather required documents (marriage certificate, financial sponsorship forms, etc.)

Taking action quickly can be important. Visa Bulletin categories can change from month to month, and while “Current” is great news, it does not always remain that way. In some cases, you may only have until the end of the month (April) to submit. 

If you have not yet submitted Form I-130 but fall under the F2A filing category, you may be able to file Form I-130 and I-485 at the same time,

A Quick Note of Caution

As exciting as this update is, it is important to stay grounded in the details.

• “Current” does not guarantee instant approval
• Processing times at U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services can still vary
• Each case is unique, especially if there are prior immigration issues or missing documents

This is an opportunity—but it is still important to prepare your application carefully.

How SimpleCitizen Can Help

If you are feeling excited but also a little unsure about what to do next, you are in good company. This is exactly where having guidance can make a big difference.

SimpleCitizen helps you move forward with confidence by offering:

• A guided, step-by-step platform to prepare your application
• Built-in checks to help you avoid common mistakes
• Review by a licensed immigration attorney
• Support with document organization, translations, and filing

Packages start at $529 and include a full application review by a licensed immigration attorney, with higher-tier options offering printing, shipping, RFE support, and attorney consultation call(s).

Please note: SimpleCitizen is not a law firm. We provide access to attorney support through our network of independent immigration attorneys not employed by SimpleCitizen.

If the F2A category becoming current applies to you, it could be the perfect time to get started.

Get started or learn more here: https://simplecitizen.com/pricing/

Final Thoughts

Moments like this do not happen every month. Seeing the F2A category become current is a meaningful shift that can help families move forward faster and with fewer barriers.

If this applies to you, take a moment to recognize the progress—it is a real step forward. Then, when you are ready, take action. Preparing early and filing correctly can help you make the most of this opportunity.

And if you need support along the way, you do not have to figure it out alone. 

We’re happy you’re here! 

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When preparing an immigration application, it’s common to gather documents that help explain your story and strengthen your case. Alongside official forms, tax records, and government documents, some applicants also include written statements from people who know them personally or professionally.

Two types of statements often come up: letters of support and letters of recommendation.

At first glance, these sound almost identical. In everyday language, people sometimes use the terms interchangeably. However, in the context of U.S. immigration applications, they typically serve slightly different purposes.

Understanding the difference can help you decide whether these letters are helpful for your case and what type of information they should include.

This content is for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. For advice about your specific situation, consult a licensed immigration attorney.

Why USCIS Sometimes Accepts Personal Letters

U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) evaluates immigration petitions based primarily on official documentation and eligibility requirements. These include government forms, identity documents, financial evidence, and records that demonstrate eligibility under immigration law.

However, certain types of cases benefit from additional context that formal records cannot always capture. In those situations, written statements from friends, family members, employers, or community leaders can help provide a fuller picture.

Personal letters may help demonstrate things like:

• A genuine marital relationship
• Good moral character
• Community involvement
• Professional qualifications
• Hardship or rehabilitation

While these letters are rarely required, they can sometimes strengthen an application by offering a real-life perspective about the applicant.

You can learn more about USCIS evidence standards on the USCIS website.

With that foundation in mind, let’s explore the two types of letters you may hear about during the immigration process.

What Is a Letter of Support?

A letter of support is a personal statement written by someone who has firsthand knowledge about a specific fact in an immigration case.

Rather than focusing on the applicant’s achievements or character, these letters typically describe what the writer has personally observed.

For example, in marriage-based immigration cases, a friend or relative may write a letter explaining how they know the couple and why they believe the relationship is genuine.

These letters are most commonly used in family-based immigration cases, including petitions such as:

• Form I-130, Petition for Alien Relative
• Form I-751, Petition to Remove Conditions on Residence
• Certain waiver applications involving hardship

You can learn more about these forms directly from USCIS:

Form I-130

Form I-751

What Letters of Support Usually Include

A strong letter of support usually explains:

• Who the writer is
• How they know the applicant
• How long they have known them
• Specific observations related to the case

For example, in a marriage-based case, the writer might describe attending family gatherings, spending time with the couple, or observing how they manage daily life together.

These details help USCIS understand that the relationship is genuine and ongoing.

Writers of support letters are often:

• Friends
• Family members
• Neighbors
• Religious leaders
• Community members

In many cases, the letter is signed and dated. Some applicants also choose to have the letter notarized, although notarization is not always required. It is often recommended that the letter be hand-signed and include a copy of the author’s photo ID. 

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What Is a Letter of Recommendation?

A letter of recommendation serves a slightly different purpose. Instead of describing specific observations about a situation, it focuses on the applicant’s character, reputation, or professional abilities.

These letters are more common when USCIS must evaluate a person’s character or qualifications.

For example, letters of recommendation may appear in:

• Naturalization (citizenship) applications involving good moral character
• Certain waiver cases
• Employment-based immigration petitions
• Petitions involving extraordinary ability or professional achievements

In these situations, USCIS may benefit from hearing from people who can speak about the applicant’s integrity, work ethic, leadership, or contributions to their community.

You can learn more about the naturalization process here.

What Letters of Recommendation Usually Include

A typical letter of recommendation explains:

• The writer’s professional or community role
• Their relationship to the applicant
• How long they have known the applicant
• The applicant’s strengths or positive contributions

For example, an employer might describe an employee’s reliability and work ethic. A community leader might explain how the applicant volunteers or supports local organizations.

These letters help show that the applicant is a responsible and valued member of their workplace or community.

Key Differences Between the Two

Although the names are similar, the purpose of each letter is slightly different.

Letter of Support

Letter of Recommendation

Focuses on facts and personal observations

Focuses on character or achievements

Often used in marriage or family-based cases

Often used in citizenship or employment-based cases

Describes specific experiences or interactions

Describes qualities like integrity or professionalism

Usually written by friends or family

Often written by employers or community leaders

Both types of letters are considered supporting evidence, not primary proof. Official documents still carry the most weight in immigration cases.

Do You Always Need These Letters?

In many immigration applications, these letters are optional.

USCIS generally places the greatest importance on primary documentation, such as:

• Government forms and filing fees
• Marriage certificates or birth certificates
• Joint financial records
• Tax returns
• Employment records
• Identity documents

For example, in marriage-based green card cases, USCIS typically focuses heavily on financial and residential evidence showing that the couple has built a life together. Examples include joint bank accounts, leases, insurance policies, and tax filings.

Personal letters can still be helpful, but they are usually considered secondary evidence that supports the overall story of the application.

Tips for Writing Effective Letters

If you decide to include letters in an immigration application, it helps to keep them clear, honest, and specific.

Strong letters often include:

• The writer’s full name and contact information
• A clear explanation of how the writer knows the applicant
• Specific examples rather than general statements
• A statement affirming that the information is true
• The writer’s wet signature and date

Short, sincere letters that describe real experiences are often more persuasive than long letters filled with general praise.

How SimpleCitizen Helps Keep Your Case Organized

Preparing an immigration application often involves gathering documents, organizing evidence, and making sure everything is submitted correctly. Even optional materials like support letters can feel overwhelming when you are already managing forms, deadlines, and government requirements.

SimpleCitizen provides a guided platform that helps individuals and families prepare immigration applications with clarity and confidence.

With SimpleCitizen, you can:

• Follow step-by-step instructions for your immigration forms
• Upload and organize supporting documents in one place
• Receive a review of your application by a licensed immigration attorney
• Get help identifying what evidence is most helpful for your case

You can explore available packages and learn more here.

If you’re preparing an immigration application and want guidance along the way, SimpleCitizen can help you stay organized and move forward with confidence.

Final Thoughts

Letters of support and letters of recommendation can both play a role in immigration cases, but they serve slightly different purposes.

A letter of support usually describes firsthand observations that help confirm facts in an application, such as the authenticity of a relationship. A letter of recommendation focuses more on a person’s character, reputation, or professional abilities.

Neither type of letter replaces official documentation, but both can add helpful context when used appropriately.

When combined with strong primary evidence and a well-prepared application, these letters can help tell a clearer story about who you are, your relationships, and your contributions to your community.We’re Happy You’re Here!

If you have a two-year conditional green card, you have already reached an important milestone in your immigration journey. Receiving that card means the U.S. government has approved your marriage-based permanent residency. However, because your marriage was less than two years old at the time of approval, your status was granted on a conditional basis.

To move from conditional residence to full lawful permanent residence, the next step is filing Form I-751, Petition to Remove Conditions on Residence.

This step allows you to transition from a two-year conditional green card to a standard ten-year green card. For many couples, it represents an exciting moment because it confirms that your marriage has continued in good faith. Like many immigration steps, though, timing matters. Understanding when to file Form I-751 and how the filing window works can make the process much less stressful and help you move forward with confidence.

This content is for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. For advice about your specific situation, consult a licensed immigration attorney.

When Can You File Form I-751? (Quick Answer)

You must file Form I-751 during the 90 days immediately before your conditional green card expires.

Example

If your conditional green card expires on April 1, your filing window is:

• Earliest day to file: January 1
• Last day to file: April 1

Filing before the 90-day window opens will result in rejection, and filing after the expiration date may lead to denial and even termination of status.

Why Filing Form I-751 Is So Important

When USCIS grants a marriage-based green card to a couple who has been married for less than two years, the agency issues a conditional green card valid for two years. This allows immigration officials to later confirm that the marriage remains genuine and was not entered into for immigration purposes.

If approved, Form I-751 removes these conditions and allows you to remain a lawful permanent resident in the United States long term. USCIS requires conditional residents to file this petition to demonstrate that the marriage was entered into in good faith and continues to be legitimate by providing extensive amounts of new relationship evidence.

Because this step is required to maintain permanent resident status, filing on time is extremely important. If the petition is not submitted within the correct timeframe, USCIS may terminate conditional resident status and could begin removal proceedings. While that possibility can sound intimidating, most applicants complete this step successfully by understanding their timeline and preparing early. Once you know when your filing window opens and what evidence to gather, the process becomes far more manageable.

Understanding the I-751 90-Day Filing Window

USCIS requires conditional residents to submit Form I-751 during the 90 days before their green card expires. This timeframe is often referred to as the I-751 90-day filing window.

The rule exists for two key reasons:

• USCIS wants to review your marriage close to the expiration of your conditional status
• The agency needs enough time to process your petition before your status lapses

Example Timeline

If your conditional green card expires on April 1, your timeline would look like this:

• January 1: Earliest day you can file
• January 1 – April 1: Filing window
• April 1: Green card expiration date

Because USCIS calculates this window precisely, many applicants mark their filing date months in advance and set reminders so they are ready to submit their petition as soon as the window opens. Filing ealy in that window gives USCIS the chance to send the I-797 receipt notice that temporarily extends the applicants’ green card status. Filing too close to the final deadline may result in temporarily losing evidence of lawful permanent resident status in the United States. 

What Happens If You File Form I-751 Too Early?

It’s important to remember that if you submit your petition before the 90-day window opens, USCIS will generally reject your application and return the entire package.

Although this type of rejection typically does not harm your immigration status, it can create unnecessary stress and delays because you must reassemble and resubmit the petition later. For that reason, it is important to double-check your green card expiration date before submitting your application. Even having your application arrive one day too early can lead to a rejection. 

What Happens If You File Form I-751 Late?

Filing after your conditional green card expires can create more serious complications. If USCIS does not receive your petition before the expiration date, the agency may:

• Deny your petition
• Terminate your conditional resident status
• Place you in removal proceedings

In certain situations, USCIS may accept a late I-751 filing if you can demonstrate good cause and extenuating circumstances that prevented you from filing on time.

Examples may include:

• Serious illness
• Natural disasters
• Military deployment
• Other major events outside your control

Late filings are reviewed on a case-by-case basis, and approval is not guaranteed. Because of this uncertainty, the safest approach is to prepare your petition early and submit it well within the filing window.

Situations Where You Can File I-751 Without Your Spouse

Most applicants file Form I-751 jointly with their spouse. However, USCIS recognizes that marriages sometimes change, and certain applicants may qualify for a waiver of the joint filing requirement.

You may be able to file independently if:

• The marriage ended in divorce or annulment after being entered in good faith
• Your spouse passed away
• You experienced battery or extreme cruelty
• Removal from the United States would cause extreme hardship

When filing with a waiver, it is especially important to provide strong documentation that explains the situation and demonstrates that the marriage began in good faith.

Helpful evidence may include:

• Divorce decrees
• Police reports or protective orders
• Medical documentation
• Affidavits from friends and family
• Evidence showing the couple built a shared life together

Although waiver cases can feel more complex, many applicants successfully complete them each year with thoughtful preparation and strong documentation.

How to Prepare for Your I-751 Filing Window

Once you understand the timing rules, preparation becomes the most important part of the process. Taking a few proactive steps early can make the entire experience smoother and less stressful.

1. Confirm Your Filing Window

Start by checking the expiration date printed on your conditional green card. Count back 90 days to determine when your filing window opens. Mark this date in your calendar and set reminders so you do not accidentally miss the deadline.

2. Gather Evidence of Your Marriage

USCIS expects to see proof that your marriage continued in good faith after your original green card approval. Helpful documentation may include:

• Joint bank statements
• Mortgage or lease agreements
• Joint tax returns
• Insurance policies
• Travel records and photos
• Birth certificates of children

When organized clearly, these documents help demonstrate that your relationship is genuine and ongoing.

3. Plan Your Filing Strategy

Many couples begin gathering documents several months before the filing window opens, so everything is ready to submit. While some applicants prepare the petition themselves, others prefer additional structure and guidance.

Many conditional residents use SimpleCitizen to prepare their I-751 petition because the platform helps applicants:

• Organize forms and documentation
• Track important immigration deadlines
• Prepare a structured filing packet
• Access attorney review through an independent network of licensed immigration attorneys

If you would like additional guidance while preparing your petition, you can learn more or get started here.

Common Mistakes to Avoid When Filing I-751

Even strong petitions can face delays if small details are overlooked. Before submitting your application, it can be helpful to review some of the most common mistakes applicants make.

These include:

• Filing outside the 90-day window
• Submitting limited or weak evidence
• Forgetting to sign the petition
• Including incorrect filing fees
• Sending incomplete documentation

USCIS also notes that filing fees are non-refundable, even if a petition is denied.

Carefully reviewing your packet before submission can help prevent these issues and ensure your case moves through the process more smoothly.

What Happens After You File Form I-751?

After USCIS receives your petition, the agency will send you a receipt notice confirming your application was accepted. This notice is important because it extends your permanent resident status while your petition is pending.

Processing times can vary depending on case volume, but the receipt notice serves as proof that you remain authorized to live and work in the United States during the review process.

Reaching this stage is an important step forward. It means you successfully filed within the required timeframe, and your petition is officially moving through the system.

Get Support Filing Your Form I-751

Preparing Form I-751 can feel like a big step. Between gathering evidence, organizing documents, and making sure everything is filed within the correct 90-day window, it’s understandable if you want a little extra structure and guidance along the way.

SimpleCitizen was designed to help make the immigration paperwork process clearer and more manageable. Our platform guides you step-by-step through preparing your Form I-751 petition, helping you stay organized and ensuring important details are not overlooked.

With SimpleCitizen, you can prepare your I-751 filing in the way that works best for you. We support both online and paper filing, so you can choose the method that best fits your situation and comfort level.

When you use SimpleCitizen, you can:

• Complete your application through a guided, easy-to-follow platform
• Organize and upload supporting documents in one place
• Receive help assembling a clear and complete petition packet
• Prepare filings for either online submission or traditional paper mailing
• Access licensed immigration attorney review through our independent attorney network (included in certain packages)

For many applicants, having a structured system for preparing forms and evidence can make the process feel far more manageable. Instead of wondering whether you have included everything USCIS expects, you can move forward knowing your petition is well organized and carefully prepared.

If you are approaching your I-751 filing window, now is a great time to begin preparing your petition so you are ready when the 90-day window opens.

You can learn more or get started here.

Final Thoughts

The Form I-751 filing window may seem strict, but once you understand the rules, it becomes much easier to manage. By identifying your filing window early, gathering strong evidence of your marriage, and submitting your petition within the correct timeframe, you place yourself in a strong position for success.

Removing conditions on residence is not about proving your marriage all over again. Instead, it is about showing continuity and demonstrating that the life you built together has continued in good faith since your original green card approval.

For many families, this step represents another meaningful milestone on the path toward long-term stability in the United States. With thoughtful preparation and attention to timing, the process can be navigated smoothly and confidently.

If you would like guided support while preparing your petition, SimpleCitizen can help you stay organized, assemble your documentation, and move through the process with greater clarity and confidence.

We’re Happy You’re Here.

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If you’re thinking about applying for a green card, one of the first questions that comes up is simple and honest: “How much is this really going to cost?”

That’s a wise question to ask early. The word “application” can make the process sound straightforward, but in reality, getting a green card involves government filing fees, medical exams, document preparation, and sometimes professional support.

The total cost depends on many factors, but the most important factor is:

Are you applying from inside the United States or from outside?

Those two paths are called:

• Adjustment of Status (AOS) – for applicants inside the U.S.
• Consular Processing – for applicants outside the U.S.

Understanding the difference between these two options makes the financial picture much clearer. Let’s walk through both, side by side, and then talk about the less obvious costs families often overlook.

Please note that fees are subject to change. The fee amounts listed below are current as of the date this article was published. You can verify all current fees using either this USCIS fee page or the USCIS fee calculator.

This content is for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. For advice about your specific situation, consult a licensed immigration attorney.

First: What a Green Card Actually Means

A green card is the informal name for a Permanent Resident Card. It shows that you are a lawful permanent resident of the United States.

Permanent residence generally allows you to:

• Live in the U.S. long-term
• Work legally for most employers
• Travel internationally (with certain limits)
• Apply for U.S. citizenship later if eligible

You can read more directly from USCIS here.

For many families, this is more than paperwork. It’s stability. It’s career flexibility. It’s finally feeling settled. However, this important milestone doesn’t come cheap. There are multiple fees and expenses associated with becoming a permanent resident. Additionally, prices vary depending on which path is taken. Let’s break down the costs associated with the two most common paths to a green card. 

The Two Main Paths: AOS vs. Consular Processing

The biggest cost difference comes from where the immigrant is located.

Adjustment of Status (AOS)

Used when the immigrant is already inside the United States and is eligible to apply for permanent residence without leaving.

Consular Processing

Used when the immigrant is outside the United States and will attend an immigrant visa interview at a U.S. embassy or consulate abroad.

These paths involve different forms, different agencies, and different fee structures.

Let’s look at each one more closely.

Adjustment of Status (AOS) – Applying From Inside the U.S.

If you’re applying from inside the United States, your case is handled primarily by U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS).

Most family-based AOS cases include:

• Form I-130 (Petition for Alien Relative)
• Form I-485 (Application to Register Permanent Residence or Adjust Status)

According to the USCIS fee schedule (Form G-1055), the required fees for requesting a green card are:

• Form I-130: $625 if filed online, $675 if filed on paper
• Form I-485: $1,440 for most applicants age 14+

That means many Adjustment of Status cases start around: Approximately $2,065 in government fees (if filing I-130 online), before adding the medical exam or other costs.

Work and Travel Authorization While You Wait

Many AOS applicants also file optional forms with their green card application:

• Form I-765 (Work Permit / EAD): commonly $260
• Form I-131 (Advance Parole travel document): commonly $630

If you file all four forms together (I-130, I-485, I-765, I-131), government fees alone may total approximately $2,955 for one applicant.

The benefit of AOS is that you may remain in the U.S. while waiting and, in many cases, receive work authorization during the process.

Consular Processing – Applying From Outside the U.S.

If the immigrant is living abroad, the process works differently. Instead of filing through the Adjustment of Status method, they file through Consular Processing. 

Step 1: USCIS Petition

The U.S. sponsor files:

• Form I-130: $625 online or $675 paper
  Source:
  https://www.uscis.gov/sites/default/files/document/forms/g-1055.pdf

After approval, the case moves to the National Visa Center (NVC) and then to a U.S. embassy or consulate.

Step 2: Department of State Visa Stage

Consular applicants pay visa-related fees to the U.S. Department of State.

Unlike AOS, there is no I-485 fee, and no separate I-765 or I-131 filing is required at this stage.

Instead, the applicant completes:

• Form DS-260: $325
• Form I-864: $120

During this phase, they will also need to pay for:

• A certified medical exam (price varies) 
• Cost of travel to a consulate or embassy for an interview (price varies)

Step 3: Entering the US

If the applicant is approved at their consulate interview, they will then be able to move to the United States 

Upon entering the United States, they will be required to pay: 

• USCIS Immigrant Fee: $225

This fee covers the processing of the immigrant visa packet and the production of the Permanent Resident Card

Government fees for consular processing are often lower than a full AOS package that includes work and travel permits. However, the applicant must remain outside the U.S. until the immigrant visa is issued.

That trade-off is important when budgeting.

The Medical Exam – Required for Both Paths

Every green card applicant must complete a medical exam and outisde of the USCIS filing fees, is often one of the largest expenses associated with applying for a green card. Like much of the green card application process, medical exams vary for AOS applicants versus consular applicants. 

For AOS applicants:

• The exam is done by a USCIS-approved civil surgeon in the U.S.
• USCIS provides a civil surgeon lookup tool so that you can access the list of civil surgeons closest to you 

For consular applicants:

• The exam is done by a panel physician approved by the U.S. embassy.
• The consulate/embassy will provide you with a list of approved physicians from which to choose. 

USCIS does not set the price. Each doctor or clinic sets its own fee. Costs vary widely depending on location and whether vaccines or additional tests are needed. Immigrants should anticipate exam costs of approximately $250-950, plus the cost of any additional treatments or vaccinations needed to pass the exam, as well as any transportation expenses. This exam is rarely covered by insurance, but it can be FSA/HSA eligible for those living in the United States. 

Be sure to plan ahead and call around to different offices to compare timelines and prices. The offices with lower prices typically have longer appointment wait times. 

The “Hidden” Costs Many Families Forget

Government fees are just one part of the real total.

Here are additional expenses that frequently surprise people:

Passport Photos

Many applications require passport-style photos. Some applicants end up needing 8–10 photos total between different forms and stages.

Professional passport photos typically cost $10–$20 per pair, which can add up to $40–$100 or more over time.

Printing and Copying

If you file by paper, you may print hundreds of pages, including:

• Forms
• Supporting evidence
• Copies of passports and civil documents

Printing, binders, dividers, and copies can easily cost $25–$75 or more.

Shipping

Secure mailing through USPS, FedEx, or UPS is strongly recommended. Trackable shipping can cost $20–$60 per packet, especially for large submissions.

Document Translations

If any documents are not in English, certified translations are required. Translation fees vary but often range from $20–$50 per page.

Travel to Interviews or Medical Exams

For both AOS and consular applicants, travel costs can include:

• Gas, airfare, or other transit
• Hotels
• Time off work
• Childcare

These are real costs, even though they do not appear on a USCIS receipt.

Document Requests 

Sometimes applicants will need to request specific documents, such as specialized birth certificates, marriage certificates, court documents, etc. Requesting original copies of these documents can involve fees, especially if the document needs to be shipped internationally. Prices for this can vary from country to country and depending on shipping needs. Applicants should anticipate budgeting $50-100 for this, just in case. 

Conditional Green Cards and the I-751 Fee

If your marriage was less than two years old at approval, you may receive a 2-year conditional green card. If this is the case, you will have an additional application to complete. 

Approximately 2 years after receiving your initial green card, you must file:

• Form I-751 (Petition to Remove Conditions on Residence)

Current filing fee: $750
Source:
https://www.uscis.gov/sites/default/files/document/forms/g-1055.pdf
https://www.uscis.gov/i-751

This applies whether your case started with AOS or consular processing.

Planning ahead for this second-stage filing can prevent financial stress later.

Attorney Fees: What Many Families Pay

Hiring an immigration attorney is optional, but many families choose to do so for added confidence.

Typical attorney fees for a single family-based green card case often range from:

$1,500 to $4,000 or more

Costs vary depending on location, complexity, and whether additional filings (like I-751 or waivers) are required.

Some attorneys charge flat fees. Others charge hourly rates, which can increase costs if the case becomes complicated.

For many families, this is the single largest non-government expense.

What Does the Total Often Look Like?

Because every case is different, it is more helpful to think in ranges.

Adjustment of Status with work and travel permits:

• Government fees: around $2,955
• Medical exam: $250+
• Photos, printing, shipping, misc.: $100–$300+
• Attorney (if used): $1,500–$4,000+

Consular Processing:

• I-130 filing fee: $625 online or $675 paper
• Department of State visa fees: $445
• USCIS Immigrant Fee: $225
• Medical exam abroad: $250+
• International travel: variable 
• Attorney (if used): $1,500-$4000+

For many families, the total investment for a single applicant can reach several thousand dollars.

Seeing that number can feel overwhelming. But remember: these costs are often spread out over many months.

A Cost-Effective Way to Save Time and Money

If hiring a traditional attorney feels too expensive, but filing completely alone feels stressful, there is a “best of both” option.

SimpleCitizen provides a guided, do-it-yourself immigration platform that helps applicants prepare their immigration applications with structure, support, and care.

Through the SimpleCitizen platform, applicants can:

• Complete a guided questionnaire that fills out immigration forms automatically
• Upload supporting documents in one organized place
• Receive help understanding what evidence is needed
• Track their application preparation step by step

One of the biggest advantages of SimpleCitizen is that applications can also receive review by a licensed immigration attorney through SimpleCitizen’s network of independent immigration attorneys.

Green Card packages currently start at $529 and include:

• Attorney review of your application
• Document translation support
• Live chat assistance
• A complete digital application packet

Higher-tier packages can also include:

• Printing and shipping of your completed application
• Support responding to Requests for Evidence (RFEs)
• Consultation calls with a licensed immigration attorney
• Interview preparation resources

You can explore the full package details here.

For many families, this approach offers a cost-effective way to receive immigration guidance while saving both time and money compared to traditional attorney services.

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Final Thoughts

The real cost of getting a green card depends largely on one key question:

Are you applying from inside the U.S. or outside?

Adjustment of Status typically involves higher USCIS filing fees, especially if you apply for work and travel permits. Consular processing may involve lower USCIS fees but includes Department of State visa fees and international travel. On top of that, there are medical exams, passport photos, printing, shipping, translations, and possibly attorney fees.

Understanding the full picture early helps you budget wisely and avoid surprises. This process is not just an expense. It’s an investment in stability, opportunity, and your family’s future.

We’re Happy You’re Here.

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