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Congratulations! 

Getting your marriage-based Green Card approved is a huge milestone. For many people, it marks the end of years of paperwork, waiting, and uncertainty. It also marks the beginning of something exciting: building your life in the United States with far more stability, freedom, and opportunity.

At the same time, approval comes with new rules, responsibilities, and future steps that are important to follow. This guide walks you through what happens after approval, what your new status really means, and how to protect it. 

Legal disclaimer: This content is for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. For advice about your specific situation, consult a licensed immigration attorney.

What Does “Marriage Green Card Approved” Actually Mean?

When your marriage Green Card is approved, U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (or a U.S. consulate abroad) has officially decided that:

• Your marriage is legally valid for immigration purposes, and
• You are allowed to live in the United States as a Lawful Permanent Resident (LPR)

Your Green Card is formally called a Permanent Resident Card (Form I-551). It is proof that you are legally allowed to live and work in the U.S. long-term.

Important Early Detail: What Type of Green Card Did You Get?

Knowing which type of green card you were given is one of the most important things to understand right away, because it affects what you must do next.

Two-Year Conditional Green Card

If you were married less than two years on the date your Green Card was approved, you typically receive a conditional Green Card.

• It is valid for 2 years only
• USCIS uses this as a “follow-up period” to reconfirm the marriage is real
• You must file another application (Form I-751, Removal of Conditions) after 2 years to remove the conditional status of your green card and receive a 10-year, non-conditional green card. 

Filing to remove conditions on time is extremely important since failing to do so can result in the loss of legal permanent residence status.

Ten-Year Permanent Green Card

If you were married two years or more at the time of approval, you typically receive a 10-year Green Card.

• Your status as a permanent resident does not expire
• The physical card must be renewed every 10 years to maintain evidence of legal permanent resident status. 
• Renewals are requested by filing Form I-90, Application to Replace Permanent Resident Card (Green Card).

What Happens Immediately After Approval of your Green Card?

Please note that the steps below apply specifically to applicants who applied for and were granted a green card from within the United States. These steps differ slightly for applicants who filed through the Consular Process method from outside the United States. 

1. You Receive an Approval Notice (Form I-797)

Shortly after approval, USCIS mails you Form I-797, Notice of Action. This letter confirms that your application was approved but cannot be used on it’s own as proof of Legal Permenant Resident status.

Think of it as your official receipt from the government. Keep it somewhere safe—you may need it later.

2. Your Physical Green Card Arrives by Mail

Your actual Green Card usually arrives within a few weeks after approval. This is your evidence of being a lawful permanent resident. This card is proof that you are legally able to work and live in the United States and is the documentation used to reenter the country after a period of travel. 

Very important:
If you move, you must update your address with USCIS immediately. A lost Green Card can take months (and extra fees) to replace.

3. Your Social Security Number (If Needed)

Your social security card is an important legal document needed to do many things in the United States, such as work, pay taxes, build credit, etc. 

If you did not already have a Social Security number and requested one during your application, the Social Security Administration usually mails it automatically within a couple of weeks of your green card being approved.

If it does not arrive within 2-4 weeks, you may need to apply in person through your local social security office. 

Please note: The Enumeration Beyond Entry (EBE) program - the program that allowed immigrants to apply for social security cards through their immigration filings - has been temporarily frozen. Only social security number requests in immigration filings received prior March 18, 2025, will be processed. If you requested a social security number in your application on or before this date you will need to request a social security number in person at a local Social Security Administration office.  

What Can You Do as a Lawful Permanent Resident?

Becoming an LPR comes with big changes—many of which can feel life-changing. 

You Can Live Anywhere in the U.S.

You are no longer tied to a visa sponsor, employer, or location. You can choose where you want to live — whether that’s closer to family, for a new job opportunity, or simply because you love a certain community. 

You Can Work for Almost Any Employer

Once you become a green card holder, you do not need a separate work permit. You also do not need employer sponsorship to accept a job. No work permit needed. No visa sponsorship required.

You can:

• Change jobs freely
  
• Work full-time, part-time, or start your own business
  
• Pursue new career paths without immigration restrictions
  

This opens doors professionally in a way many temporary visa holders simply don’t have.

You Can Travel Internationally

Travel on a green card can be much simpler than travel on temporary visas. Permanent residents may leave and re-enter the United States using their green card and passport from their home country. 

However, travel comes with responsibility. Extended trips outside the U.S. (especially six months or longer) can raise questions about whether you intend to maintain permanent residence. 

As usual, be careful to ensure that your green card remains valid and that you avoid activities that could make it difficult for you to pass inspection by Border Control officers. 

You Can Build Long-Term Stability

Permanent residency allows you to plant real roots. You can confidently make long-term financial and life decisions, such as:

• Buy a home
• Open financial accounts
• Build credit
• Attend school
• Qualify for many benefits and protections

Important Responsibilities (and Risks to Avoid)

While a Green Card gives you strong rights and long-term stability, it is not unconditional. Lawful Permanent Resident (LPR) status can be revoked in serious situations. Understanding your responsibilities early on helps protect the future you worked so hard to build.

Long Trips Outside the U.S.

Permanent residents are allowed to travel internationally. In fact, many green card holders continue to visit family abroad, manage property, or travel for work. But the key word in “permanent resident” is permanent. The U.S. government expects that the United States remains your primary home.

Here’s how travel length can affect your status:

Trips Shorter Than 6 Months

Generally, trips under 6 months do not disrupt your permanent resident status. When you return, Customs and Border Protection officers may ask routine questions, but these trips typically do not create major concerns.

Trips Between 6 Months and 1 Year

Once you are outside the U.S. for more than 6 months, things change.

USCIS may begin to question whether you truly maintained residence in the United States. At the airport, you could be asked:

• Where is your primary home?
  
• Do you work in the U.S.?
  
• Do you pay U.S. taxes?
  
• Why were you gone so long?
  

Keep in mind that even if you are allowed back in, an absence of more than 6 months can disrupt your “continuous residence” for naturalization purposes (more on that below).

Trips of 1 Year or More

If you remain outside the U.S. for 1 year or longer without special permission, the government may presume that you abandoned your permanent residency.

That can mean:

• You may not be allowed to re-enter using just your green card.
  
• You could be placed in removal proceedings.
  
• You may need to apply for a returning resident visa (SB-1), which can be difficult to obtain.
  

To prevent this, LPRs who know they will be outside the U.S. for an extended period can apply for a Reentry Permit (Form I-131) before leaving the United States. A reentry permit does not automatically protect you from abandonment claims, but it is strong evidence that you intended to maintain U.S. residency.

How Long Trips Affect Citizenship Eligibility

To apply for U.S. citizenship through naturalization under Form N-400, most green card holders must show:

• 5 years of continuous residence (or 3 years if married to a U.S. citizen)
  
• Physical presence in the U.S. for at least half of that time
  
• Ongoing residence in the U.S.
  

Extended trips can interfere with these requirements in two important ways:

1. Continuous Residence

If you are outside the U.S. for more than 6 months but less than 1 year, USCIS may determine that you broke your “continuous residence.” You can try to rebut that presumption by showing strong ties to the U.S., such as:

• Maintaining a home or lease
  
• Continuing U.S. employment
  
• Filing U.S. tax returns as a resident
  
• Keeping bank accounts active
  

If USCIS decides your continuous residence was broken, your naturalization clock may reset. That means you may need to wait additional years before becoming eligible to apply for citizenship.

If you are outside the U.S. for 1 year or more, your continuous residence is generally considered automatically broken (with limited exceptions for certain government or military employees).

2. Physical Presence

Even if your continuous residence remains intact, you must still meet the “physical presence” requirement. For most applicants, that means being physically inside the U.S. for at least:

• 30 months out of the last 5 years (standard rule), or
  
• 18 months out of the last 3 years (if applying through marriage to a U.S. citizen).
  

Long trips, or a high number of medium-length trips reduce the number of days you are physically present in the U.S., which can delay your eligibility.

Criminal Issues

Becoming a Lawful Permanent Resident gives you strong protections — but it does not make you immune from immigration consequences.

Certain criminal issues can place a green card holder at risk of removal (deportation), sometimes even many years after the conviction. In fact, some permanent residents are surprised to learn that immigration law treats certain offenses much more seriously than state criminal law does. If you ever face criminal charges, consulting an experienced crimmigration attorney (yes, this is a real thing - these are attorneys that have experience in immigration and criminal law) immediately can make a significant difference in protecting your permanent resident status.

Here’s what that means in practical terms.

Why Criminal Charges Affect Green Card Holders Differently

U.S. immigration law has its own definitions of deportable offenses. Even if:

• The charge seems “minor”
  
• The sentence was light
  
• The conviction happened years ago
  
• The record was sealed or expunged under state law
  

…it can still trigger immigration consequences.

Immigration authorities look at the underlying offense and how it is classified under federal immigration law, not just how the state court handled it.

Types of Crimes That Can Create Serious Risk

While every case is fact-specific, some categories can be particularly serious for permanent residents.

Crimes Involving Fraud or “Moral Turpitude”

Offenses involving theft, fraud, or dishonesty can fall under what immigration law calls “crimes involving moral turpitude.” These can make someone deportable depending on the timing and severity of the offense.

Examples may include:

• Credit card fraud
  
• Identity theft
  
• Certain theft offenses
  
• Filing false information with the government
  

Because fraud relates to honesty and intent, immigration authorities take it very seriously.

Domestic Violence–Related Offenses

Convictions involving domestic violence, stalking, child abuse, child neglect, or violation of a protective order can trigger removal proceedings.

Even misdemeanor-level domestic violence convictions can create immigration consequences. Immigration law does not always distinguish between felony and misdemeanor the way criminal courts do.

Drug Offenses

Drug-related convictions are especially risky.

With very limited exceptions (such as a single offense involving a small amount of marijuana), drug convictions can make a green card holder deportable.This includes possession, distribution, trafficking, drug paraphernalia offenses.

Even some diversion programs or plea agreements can still count as convictions for immigration purposes.

Aggravated Felonies (Immigration Definition)

Immigration law includes a category called “aggravated felonies.” This term is broader than many people expect and does not always match how state law labels an offense.

An aggravated felony conviction can make someone deportable, impact eligibility for most forms of relief, prevent reentry and bar naturalization. 

Because this category is complex, any serious criminal charge should be reviewed by both a criminal defense attorney and an experienced immigration attorney before entering a plea.

How Criminal Issues Affect Citizenship Eligibility

Criminal history can also delay or prevent eligibility for naturalization under Form N-400.

To qualify for citizenship, applicants must demonstrate “good moral character” during the statutory period (typically 3 or 5 years before filing). Certain criminal offenses automatically prevent someone from showing good moral character during that time. Others can create permanent bars.

Even arrests without convictions may require disclosure during the naturalization process.

Plea Deals Still Matter

Many green card holders accept plea agreements believing the matter is resolved once probation or fines are completed. However, immigration law may still treat that plea as a conviction. This can be true even if jail time was avoided, the case was later dismissed, or the record was sealed. 

Before accepting any plea, permanent residents should ask their attorney specifically about immigration consequences. The U.S. Supreme Court has recognized that criminal defense attorneys must advise noncitizen clients about immigration risks, but not all attorneys are deeply familiar with immigration law.

Filing Your Taxes Is Important as an LPR

As a Lawful Permanent Resident, you are generally required to file U.S. income taxes as a U.S. tax resident — even if you earn income abroad. The IRS makes clear that green card holders are treated as U.S. residents for tax purposes.

Filing your taxes consistently helps demonstrate that the United States is your permanent home. On the other hand, failing to file required tax returns, underreporting income, or claiming to be a “nonresident” for tax purposes can create serious immigration concerns. USCIS specifically notes that failing to file taxes or misrepresenting your tax status may affect naturalization eligibility.

Tax compliance also directly impacts citizenship eligibility under Form N-400. When you apply for naturalization, USCIS reviews whether you have demonstrated “good moral character” during the required statutory period (typically 5 years, or 3 years if married to a U.S. citizen). Failure to file taxes, unresolved tax debt without a payment plan, or tax fraud can prevent approval of U.S. Citizenship.

Carry Your Green Card

U.S. law requires permanent residents age 18+ to carry proof of status. This means that LPRs should carry their green card with them at all times. However, it is difficult, time consuming, and expensive to replace a lost or stolen card so be sure to carry it with great care. 

Additionally, it is recommended that you store a clear photocopy or digital scan of the card’s front and back in a safe place for backup purposes. Copies do not replace the legal requirement to carry the original but it can help you as you try to get a replacement. 

If You Have a Conditional Green Card: Watch the Expiration Date Carefully

If you received a 2-year conditional green card, your status is temporary until you take one very important final step. You must file Form I-751, Petition to Remove Conditions on Residence, before your card expires.

This is not optional — it is required to keep your permanent resident status.

Here’s what that means in practical terms:

• You must file jointly with your spouse (unless you qualify for a waiver).
  
• You must file during the 90-day window immediately before your card expires.
  
• Filing on time allows you to extend your status while USCIS processes your case.

If you miss the filing window, USCIS can terminate your conditional residency and begin removal (deportation) proceedings. While there are limited exceptions for late filings with good cause, relying on that is risky and stressful.

Staying organized, tracking the 90-day window, and preparing strong evidence that your marriage continued in good faith are key to a smooth transition from conditional to full permanent residence.

Many couples use SimpleCitizen to stay organized, monitor deadlines, and confidently prepare their I-751 filing.

Get started with SimpleCitizen to make sure you don’t miss this critical step — and move from conditional status to full permanent residency with clarity and confidence.

Looking Ahead: U.S. Citizenship

A marriage Green Card often leads to naturalization (U.S. citizenship) through the filing of Form N-400, Application for Naturalization.

If you remain married to and living with your U.S. citizen spouse, you may be able to apply for Citizenship after 3 years as a permanent resident instead of the usual 5.

Citizenship is optional—but many people choose it for voting rights, stronger travel protection, and full security in the U.S.

Final Thoughts

Approval of your marriage Green Card is worth celebrating. It means stability, freedom, and the ability to truly plan your future in the United States.

At the same time, the journey doesn’t end here. Understanding whether your card is conditional, knowing your rights as an LPR, and avoiding common pitfalls are all key to protecting what you’ve worked so hard for.

If you want help staying on track, SimpleCitizen offers guided tools, reminders, and support to help you move forward with confidence. 

Learn more or get started today—and congratulations again on this exciting new chapter.

We’re happy you’re here!

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One of the hardest parts of the immigration journey is the waiting. It’s not just a minor inconvenience—it can feel like much of your life is paused. Your ability to work may depend on it. Travel plans might be on hold. You may be waiting to start school, renew a driver’s license, or even apply for a Social Security number. Big life decisions sit in limbo while your case quietly moves (or seems like it isn’t moving at all) behind the scenes at USCIS.

In the beginning, there can also be a real sense of helplessness. Once your case is filed, there is often very little you can do but wait. USCIS sets what it considers a “normal” processing window, and until your case passes that timeframe, there usually isn’t a formal way to ask for answers. You check your status. You refresh the page. You hope for an update. And mostly—you wait.

That’s why reaching the point where your case is officially considered “outside normal processing times” is actually significant. Even if it’s frustrating that it took this long, it means you’ve crossed an important threshold. You are now eligible to take specific, official steps to formally inquire about your case to ask USCIS what’s going on.

This content is for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. For advice about your specific situation, consult a licensed immigration attorney.

What “Outside Normal Processing Times” actually means

USCIS posts estimated processing times for various forms (such as the I-130, I-485, I-751, N-400, and more). These ranges can vary by form type, category, and the USCIS office handling your case, and are only approximate, not guaranteed timelines.

USCIS also provides a “calculator” that lets you enter your receipt date to find out your earliest date for a case inquiry—that date is key. Until that “date of inquiry”, USCIS does not allow you to submit a formal inquiry into the status of your case. However, once you reach that date (or beyond) USCIS generally considers your case eligible for an inquiry. 

 You can check this using the official USCIS Processing Times tool. There will be more on this later in the article, so keep reading!

A friendly reminder:

Before we jump into action steps, rest assured that long processing times do not automatically mean something is wrong. Cases can take longer for normal reasons, such as background checks, staffing, file transfers, or extra review. Plus, as mentioned above, once your case is outside normal times, you’re not powerless–you’ve earned the right to ask for an update!

Confirm the delay in the “USCIS way”

Before you begin any “inquiry” steps, you will want to make sure that your case is, in fact, “Outside normal processing times”. If your case has not reached that point in its processing timeline, you will unlikely be able to complete the following steps. 

Start with two tools USCIS expects you to use:

1. Check your case status using your receipt number (this shows the latest public update). USCIS updates statuses occasionally. However, it is normal for there to be multiple months between status changes. If you add your receipt numbers to your SimpleCitizen account, we can help you track these updates! 
   
2. Check the processing time + inquiry date for your form type and office (this tells you if USCIS believes you’re eligible to submit an “outside normal processing time” request). To use this feature, you will need to provide your form, form category, and filing office. Once you enter this information, you will be shown the estimated processing times for that filing category, and there will also be a small “tool” that you can use to see your inquiry date. You are not permitted to submit an “inquiry” before this date. If you have more questions about how these processing times and inquiry dates work, USCIS offers helpful information on how processing times are calculated and how to determine whether you are “outside” normal processing times.
   

To keep it simple, write down (or track) these basics:

• Your receipt number and receipt date
  
• The last status update date
  
• The inquiry date shown in the processing-times tool
  
• Any deadlines you’ve received (like an RFE due date)
  

That little bit of organization makes every step below easier and helps you know when to sit back and wait and when to lean in and start asking questions. 

Step 1: Submit an “Outside Normal Processing Time” e-Request

While your case is within normal processing times, USCIS does not allow for inquiries. However, once you DO reach your “Inquiry date”, you are finally eligible to submit an inquiry request. If the processing-times tool shows you’re eligible, your next step is usually a USCIS e-Request.

This is not a new application. It’s a formal way to say:
“Hi USCIS—my case is past the timeframe you published. Can you check on it? I would like an update.”

USCIS offers a specific option for Case Outside Normal Processing Time through its e-Request system.

Before you submit, here’s what to have ready (so it’s fast and clean):

• Receipt number
  
• Form type (and category, if asked)
  
• Your mailing address and contact info (make sure it matches USCIS records)
  
• A short, polite description (1–3 sentences is plenty)
  

After you submit, USCIS may respond with:

• A status update,
  
• A request for more info, or
  
• A note that they’re still reviewing.
  

Even if the response is not exciting, submitting the request creates a “paper trail” that supports later steps and can even nudge your case along by drawing attention to it.

Step 2: Contact USCIS directly (when it makes sense)

Sometimes an online request isn’t enough—especially if:

• You can’t submit an e-Request for your case type,
  
• You’re seeing a confusing status update,
  
• You believe a notice was missed,
  
• Or you have a time-sensitive issue (like travel, work authorization needs, or a looming deadline).
  

USCIS lists options for contacting them and using their self-help tools, including the USCIS Contact Center. This step can be tedious and can include long wait times on the phone. Be sure to complete Step 1 prior to this unless there is something urgent about your situation that needs immediate attention.  

Step 3: Ask your member of Congress to make a congressional inquiry

If you’ve already tried USCIS channels (like e-Request and/or contacting USCIS) and you’re still stuck, you can ask your U.S. Representative or Senator for help with a federal agency inquiry.

However, it’s important to remember that while they cannot force USCIS to approve a case, they CAN request information, flag long delays, and help ensure your case isn’t lost or ignored.

To find your Representative, you can use the official House “Find Your Representative” tool.
USA.gov also provides official guidance on finding and contacting elected officials.

Most offices have a “Help with a Federal Agency” or “Immigration Casework” page where you’ll:

• Fill out a privacy-release form, and
  
• Provide your receipt number and basic case details.
  

This step can feel intimidating, but it’s normal—and many offices do it every day. Processes may differ by office so additional information may need to be requested from the office itself in order to submit the request. 

Step 4: Consider an expedite request (only if you truly qualify)

Successful expedite requests are extremely rare. They can be helpful in the right situation—but they’re not a general “speed up my case” button. USCIS explains expedite requests and lists common criteria  (like severe financial loss, urgent humanitarian reasons, nonprofit cultural/social interest, U.S. government interests, or clear USCIS error). If it can not be adequately proven that the case meets at least one of the necessary criteria, an expedite is typically not granted.

If you think you might qualify, here’s what to include so your request is taken seriously:

• A short explanation tied to one specific expedite category
  
• Supporting evidence (letters, bills, medical documentation, employer statements, etc.)
  
• A clear description of what happens if USCIS does not act quickly
  

It’s important to remember that an expedite is not guaranteed, even if it is proven that the case meets the necessary criteria. However, many people feel it is at least worth a try if their situation is truly an emergency.  

Step 5: Escalate to the CIS Ombudsman (for certain situations)

If you’ve already submitted an “outside normal processing times” request and have given USCIS at least 60 days to reply with no response, you may be able to request help from the Department of Homeland Security’s Office of the Citizenship and Immigration Services Ombudsman (CIS Ombudsman).

DHS provides an overview of when and how to submit a case assistance request, including starting by checking your case status and the case inquiry date.
They also publish alerts about when case assistance may be appropriate (for example, when USCIS hasn’t responded to a service request within certain timeframes).

This can be a strong “next-level” step when your case is genuinely stuck and normal channels haven’t helped.

Step 6: Get professional support if you’re overwhelmed (or the situation is high-stakes)

If your delay is creating serious risk (work, safety, legal status, family separation), talking to a licensed immigration attorney can be a smart move—especially if you’re considering advanced options like litigation or you’re worried something in your history could be complicating the case. 

Conclusion

Waiting for your case to be processed can be stressful and frustrating—especially when so much of your life feels like it’s on hold. The good news is that there is a structure to the process. Knowing what “normal” processing times look like and understanding when your case has officially moved beyond that window helps you stay calm, informed, and proactive. Waiting may be part of the journey, but once your case is outside normal timeframes, you can take clear, effective steps to inquire and help move things forward.

Just as importantly, many delays can be avoided from the very beginning with a well-prepared, organized, and accurate application. That’s where preparation really matters.

If you’re getting ready to file—or want extra confidence that your case is complete and strong—SimpleCitizen can help guide you step-by-step, review your documents, and make sure everything is submitted the first time correctly. Fewer mistakes often mean fewer delays.

When you’re ready, get started with SimpleCitizen and take the next step with confidence.

We’re Happy You’re Here.

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If you are married to a U.S. citizen or Green Card Holder and live outside the United States, consular processing may be your best path to permanent residency. This process involves multiple government agencies and culminates in an interview at a U.S. embassy or consulate in your home country.

Note: While the steps below focus on marriage-based applications, the consular process is similar for other family-sponsored or employment-based immigrant visas, though specific forms and eligibility requirements may vary. Please note that the spouses of green card holders may be subject to “delays” in their processing while they wait for a visa to become available. 

This content is for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. For advice about your specific situation be sure to consult a licensed immigration attorney.

The Three Main Agencies

Applying for a marriage-based green card through consular processing involves moving through three distinct stages/agencies of the U.S. government. Each agency plays a different role, and your case is handed off from one to the next as you progress.

• USCIS (U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services) USCIS reviews the initial petition to confirm that a qualifying relationship exists. Their job is to determine whether the marriage is legally valid and bona fide, meaning it is real and supported by sufficient evidence—not entered into solely for immigration purposes.
  
  
• National Visa Center (NVC) Once USCIS approves the relationship, the case is transferred to the NVC. The NVC collects your government fees, visa application, and supporting documents, organizes everything into a complete digital file, and ensures the case is ready for an interview. They do not make approval decisions but act as a critical gatekeeper before the final stage.
  
  
• U.S. Embassy or Consulate The embassy or consulate conducts the in-person interview with the foreign spouse and makes the final decision on whether to issue the immigrant visa. A consular officer reviews your documents, asks questions about the relationship and background, and confirms that all eligibility requirements are met.
  

Together, these agencies form the full consular processing pipeline. While it may feel like a single application, your case actually moves step-by-step through each of these agencies in a specific order.

Next, we’ll walk through what this process looks like in practice—starting with the first filing and moving through each stage in detail, so you know exactly what to expect at every step.

Step 1: Filing Form I-130, Petition for Alien Relative

The consular process begins when the U.S. spouse (the petitioner) files Form I-130 along with the I-130A supplement through USCIS.

Purpose:

The goal of this step is to prove that the marriage is bona fide, meaning it is a real, ongoing relationship and not entered into solely for immigration benefits.

What USCIS Reviews:

USCIS is focused on two questions:

1. Is the petitioner eligible to sponsor a spouse?
2. Is the marriage genuine?
   

Some Evidence to Include:

In addition to a valid marriage certificate, identity documents, and birth certificates USCIS expects evidence that shows a shared life together. This may include but is not limited to:

• Joint bank or credit accounts
• Lease or mortgage agreements
• Photos together over time (not just wedding photos)
• Travel records or itineraries
• Insurance policies or beneficiary designations
• Affidavits from friends or family who can attest to the relationship

The stronger and more consistent the evidence, the smoother this stage tends to be.

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Step 2: The NVC “Welcome Letter”

Once USCIS approves the I-130 petition, they transfer the case to the National Visa Center (NVC) for the next phase of processing.

The Waiting Period:
It typically takes 30–60 days for the NVC to receive the file and create your case in their system.

The Welcome Letter:
When the case is ready, the NVC sends a Welcome Letter by email. This letter includes:

• Your Case Number
• Your Invoice ID Number

These credentials are essential — you cannot move forward without them. They allow you to log into the Consular Electronic Application Center (CEAC), where all remaining steps are completed.

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Step 3: Paying Fees and Completing Form DS-260

After logging into CEAC, there are two required actions before document submission can begin.

Pay Government Fees

You must pay:

• Immigrant Visa Application Fee (approximately $325)
  
• Affidavit of Support Fee ($120)
  

Payments are made online. It usually takes 2–3 business days for the system to reflect the fees as “Paid,” and document uploads are locked until payment clears.

Complete Form DS-260

The DS-260 is the official immigrant visa application completed by the foreign spouse. 

Some of What It Covers:

• Full address history
• Employment history since age 16
• Family information
  Travel and immigration history

Accuracy is extremely important. The DS-260 becomes part of your permanent immigration record, and inconsistencies can cause delays or questions at the interview stage.

Step 4: Financial and Civil Document Submission

At this stage, the NVC requires two separate document “packages” to be uploaded through CEAC.

Financial Package (Form I-864)

The Affidavit of Support proves that the U.S. petitioner can financially support the immigrant spouse.

• Income must generally meet or exceed 125% of the Federal Poverty Guidelines based on the petitioner’s household size.
• If the petitioner does not qualify, a Joint Sponsor may be used
• Supporting tax returns and proof of income are required
  

Civil Documents

These documents establish identity, marital status, and eligibility. Common requirements include:

• Birth certificates
• Marriage certificate
• Passport biographic page
• Police clearance certificates from:
  
  • Any country where the applicant lived more than 6 months
  • Or 12 months in their country of nationality (since age 16)
    

All documents must be clear, legible scans, and any document not in English must include a certified translation.

Step 5: Medical Exam and Consular Interview

Once the NVC confirms that all fees and documents are accepted, the case is marked “Documentarily Qualified.” At that point, the interview is scheduled.

Medical Examination

Before the interview, the applicant must complete a medical exam with an embassy-approved Panel Physician. Typically the Embassy sends out information about how and when to schedule the medical exam. 

• Regular doctors are not accepted, they must be an embassy-approved panel physician
• The physician reviews medical history and vaccination records
• Results are sent electronically or provided in a sealed packet, depending on the embassy

The Consular Interview

The foreign spouse attends the interview in person. The interviewing officer will ask questions and review submitted documents to ensure that everything has been provided and that the applicant is eligible for this green card benefit. 

What to Expect:

• Questions about how the couple met and their relationship history
• Review of submitted documents
• Clarifying questions about the applicant’s background or travel history

Visa Decision

If approved:

• The officer keeps the passport to place the immigrant visa inside
• The passport is typically returned by courier within 1–2 weeks
• This immigrant visa, placed inside the passport is what the foreign spouse shows border and custom patrol when seeking entry into the United States. 

Step 6: Paying the Immigrant Fee and Entering the U.S.

USCIS Immigrant Fee

Before traveling to the U.S., the applicant must pay the USCIS Immigrant Fee (currently $235) online. This fee covers the production and mailing of the physical green card.

Entry into the United States

Upon arrival at a U.S. airport:

• A CBP officer reviews the immigrant visa in the passport
• If admitted, the passport is stamped

This entry stamp serves as temporary proof of permanent residence for up to one year and can typically be used to work and travel while in the United States.

Green Card Delivery

The physical green card is mailed to the U.S. address on file, usually within 45–90 days after entry.

Comparison: CR-1 vs. IR-1 Visas

The government grants different "status" based on how long you have been married on the day you enter the U.S.:

Quick Tips for Beginners

• Scan Everything: Keep digital copies of every single document you mail or upload.
• Check Expiration Dates: Ensure your passport is valid for at least 6 months beyond your intended interview date.
• Be Patient: Consular processing currently takes anywhere from 12 to 24 months depending on the country and embassy backlogs.

Conclusion 

Consular processing for a marriage-based green card can feel complex at first, but when broken down step by step, it follows a clear and predictable path. From proving the authenticity of your marriage to gathering financial and civil documents, completing the visa application, and attending the consular interview, each stage serves a specific purpose in helping the U.S. government evaluate eligibility for permanent residency.

We’re happy you’re here! If you’re looking to get your application off on the right foot, SimpleCitizen can help. Our Petition by Spouse application is designed to guide couples through the USCIS stage of the process, helping you prepare and submit Form I-130, Petition for Alien Relative, with clarity and confidence. This phase is the foundation of your entire green card journey. 

SimpleCitizen focuses on helping you:

• Complete the I-130 and I-130A accurately
  
• Organize and upload strong relationship evidence
• Reduce common errors that can lead to delays or RFEs
• Submit a well-prepared petition to USCIS
  

Once USCIS approves the petition and your case is transferred to the National Visa Center (NVC), the remaining steps—such as paying NVC fees, completing the DS-260, uploading civil and financial documents, and attending the consular interview—are completed directly by the applicant through their NVC (CEAC) portal and assigned U.S. embassy or consulate.

By helping you start strong at the USCIS stage, SimpleCitizen sets you up for a smoother experience as your case moves forward. You’ll have a solid, well-documented petition in place—so when it’s time to take the next steps with the NVC and the embassy, you can move ahead with confidence knowing your foundation is already in great shape.

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When you apply for a U.S. immigration benefit—such as a green card, certain visas, or U.S. citizenship—you will often be scheduled for a biometrics appointment. For many applicants, this step is required, routine, and expected. It’s not a test, not an interview, and not a sign that something is wrong with your case.

A biometrics appointment is simply a short visit where U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) collects basic identifying information, like your fingerprints and photo. Understanding who needs biometrics, why USCIS requires it, and what actually happens during the visit can take a lot of stress out of the process—and help you avoid delays.

This guide walks you through everything, step by step, from receiving your appointment notice to what happens after you leave the office.

1. What Is a Biometrics Appointment?

A biometrics appointment is a scheduled visit to a USCIS Application Support Center (ASC) or, in some cases, a USCIS-approved partner location. During this visit, USCIS may collect:

• Fingerprints
• A digital photograph
• A digital signature (for some applications)
  

USCIS uses this information to:

• Confirm your identity, making sure the person who applied is the same person showing up
• Run required background and security checks through government databases
• Create secure immigration documents, such as work permits or green cards, if your application is approved (this is less common)
  

USCIS is authorized by U.S. immigration law to collect biometrics from many, but not all applicants. Importantly, a biometrics appointment by itself does not mean approval or denial. It’s simply a required processing step.

2. Who Is Asked to Attend a Biometrics Appointment?

Not every immigration applicant needs biometrics, but many do. You may be scheduled for a biometrics appointment if you are applying for things like:

• A green card (inside the U.S.)
• A work permit (EAD) or travel document (Advance Parole)
• Naturalization (U.S. citizenship)
  Certain temporary or humanitarian benefits

Some applicants do not need a new appointment because USCIS may reuse biometrics from a previous case. If that happens, USCIS will notify you.

What about children under 14?

• Children under 14 may still be scheduled for biometrics, especially in green card cases.
• Younger children often do not give fingerprints, but USCIS may still take a photograph or collect other identifying information.
• A parent or legal guardian should attend with the child and bring the child’s appointment notice and identification (such as a passport).
  

Always follow the instructions on the appointment notice—even for infants or young children.

3. When Do You Receive the Appointment Notice?

After USCIS accepts your application for processing, they typically mail a Biometrics Appointment Notice (Form I-797C). This usually arrives a few weeks after filing, though timing can vary.

The notice includes:

• The date, time, and location of your appointment
• Instructions on what to bring
• A clear reminder that attendance is required
• Instructions for rescheduling, if absolutely necessary

If you created a USCIS online account, the notice may also appear there.

If several weeks pass and you haven’t received a notice:

• Check your USCIS online account
• Contact the USCIS Contact Center to confirm whether biometrics are required for your case

4. Rescheduling a Biometrics Appointment (and the Risks)

USCIS assigns you a time and place to attend the biometrics appointment and attendees are sometimes only given a few weeks to prepare. If you are unable to attend during your assigned appointment time, USCIS does allow you to request a reschedule. However, this should be a last resort since rescheduling can create potential delays or complications.

When rescheduling might be appropriate:

• A medical emergency
• Serious travel conflicts
• Events outside your control

Important risks to know:

• Rescheduling often adds weeks or months to your case
  
• USCIS errors can occur during rescheduling, including missed or lost appointments
  
• Some applicants experience long delays before receiving a new notice
• If your reschedule request has not been approved, USCIS may deem the original appointment time “missed” and the application abandoned

If you must reschedule, follow the instructions on your notice exactly and keep copies of everything. Reschedule as far in advance as possible as USCIS typically must approve the reschedule request before it is considered acceptable to miss your appointment. Whenever possible, try to attend the original appointment.

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5. What Happens If You Miss the Appointment Entirely?

Please keep in mind that failing to attend your biometrics appointment without proper rescheduling can have serious consequences for your application.

If you do not show up:

• USCIS may pause or delay your case
• USCIS may deny your application for abandonment
• You may be required to refile and pay fees again

If you missed an appointment due to an emergency, contact USCIS immediately to explain the situation. Do not ignore a missed appointment and act as quickly as you can to remedy the situation.

6. How to Prepare for the Appointment

Bring the Right Documents

You’ll need:

• A valid, unexpired government-issued photo ID (passport, driver’s license, green card, or state ID)
• Your biometrics appointment notice (Form I-797C)

Be sure to bring the original ID documents. Photocopies alone are not sufficient.

Dress Comfortably but Mindfully

There’s no dress code. You are free to wear comfortable clothes and you may want to avoid large accessories that could interfere with fingerprinting. Keep in mind that any photos taken at this appointment may be used on future immigration documentation (such as a green card)  and will be connected to your USCIS record. Be sure to dress in a way that reflects how you would like to represent yourself. 

Expect Security Screening

Most locations require security screening, such as a metal detector. Avoid bringing restricted or weapon-like items. Attendees are usually required to remove their shoes, belts, watches, etc. to go through the security screening. Please keep this in mind when choosing your outfit and footwear that day. 

Arrive Early

Plan to arrive 15 minutes early. Sometimes attendees must wait in line when they arrive, both to go through security and to check in. Arriving early gives you time to find parking, locate the office, and go through the necessary check-in steps and still be in your seat in time for your scheduled appointment.  Arriving late can result in your appointment being canceled, which can result in delays or even more serious consequences for your application. 

7. What Happens During the Appointment?

Most biometrics appointments take 15–30 minutes, though wait times vary.

Security Screening

As mentioned above, you may be required to go through security screening before entering the USCIS office. This is common and normal and is designed to help keep people in the office safe. 

Check-In

Once you have completed the security screening, if any, find the check in counter. Staff will review your ID and appointment notice and may confirm basic details like your name and address. They will then tell you where to sit and wait for your scheduled appointment time. 

Waiting Room

Some waiting is normal, especially on busy days. Make sure you’re in the correct room and are carefully listening for your name.

Fingerprinting

A staff member will guide you through providing your finger prints. Your fingerprints are captured electronically—no ink.  The staff member will often need to physically guide your hand so that your fingerprints are properly captured by the electronic device. It can take a few tries to get adequate fingerprints. If needed, staff may ask you to wash and dry your hands and try again. This process typically only takes a few minutes. 

Photograph

The staff member will also take your photo to attach to your immigration record. A digital photo is taken against a plain background. This process is similar to getting a passport photo taken.  This photo may later appear on official documents such as green cards, travel documents, or naturalization certificates. 

Digital Signature (if required)

Some applicants sign electronically to confirm the information collected is accurate.

Once they tell you that you are finished, you’re free to leave. There is no interview or decision made at this appointment.

8. After the Appointment: What Happens Next?

After your visit, USCIS uses your biometrics to:

• Verify your identity
• Complete background and security checks
• Continue processing your application
  

Your case status may update to show biometrics were taken or reused. The next step—and timing—depends on the type of application and USCIS workload.

9. Common Issues That Can Cause Delays

Please keep in mind that delays during or after your appointment can happen if:

• Your ID is expired or doesn’t match your application
• You miss or reschedule the appointment
• Fingerprints are unclear and require a second visit
• Background checks raise follow-up questions

Attending as scheduled and bringing correct documents helps avoid most problems. If you are worried about what the background check could raise, you may want to consider speaking with a licensed immigration attorney as early as possible to get their guidance. 

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10. Tips for a Smooth Experience

11. How SimpleCitizen Can Help

Biometrics are easier when the rest of your application is already solid. SimpleCitizen helps applicants prepare immigration forms accurately and confidently before filing.

SimpleCitizen can:

• Guide you step by step through your application
• Ensure forms are complete and consistent
  
• Connect you with licensed immigration attorneys for review
  

Once your application is filed, USCIS schedules biometrics—but SimpleCitizen helps you reach that stage without unnecessary errors.

Ready to get started?
We’re happy you’re here! Learn more about our services at SimpleCitizen and take the next step toward your future.

If you received your green card through marriage and it was valid for two years, the next required step is filing Form I-751, Petition to Remove Conditions on Residence. This filing allows you to request permanent resident status without conditions.

At this stage, U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) has already accepted that your marriage was real at the time of the initial green card approval. Now, the government is asking a slightly different question: Did the marriage continue in good faith after the green card was granted?

This article explains how USCIS evaluates bona fide marriage evidence for I-751 filings, how the expectations differ from the initial green card process, and how to present a strong, believable case that shows your marriage has continued and grown over time.

Please Note: This content is for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. For advice about your specific situation, consult a licensed immigration attorney.

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What “Bona Fide Marriage” Means for I-751 Filings

For Form I-751 purposes, a bona fide marriage means your relationship did not stop being real once immigration benefits were approved. USCIS is looking for proof that your marriage continued as a genuine partnership throughout the two-year conditional residence period.

Instead of asking, “Was this marriage real at the beginning?”, officers are now asking, “Did this marriage remain real?”

This distinction matters. Because you already passed the first review, USCIS expects to see evidence that reflects ongoing commitment, shared responsibilities, and a life that continued to develop after the conditional green card was issued. Evidence that only shows your relationship before the green card approval is usually not enough on its own.

Source: https://www.uscis.gov/policy-manual/volume-12-part-g-chapter-5

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How USCIS Reviews I-751 Marriage Evidence

USCIS evaluates I-751 petitions using the same legal standard applied to most family-based immigration cases: preponderance of the evidence. This means your evidence must show that it is more likely than not that your marriage has remained genuine.

However, the expectations at the I-751 stage are typically higher than during the initial green card process. Officers expect to see:

• A longer and more complete timeline
• Deeper financial and household integration
• Evidence that shows the marriage evolved naturally over time

Just like an initial marriage based green card application, all documents are reviewed together under a totality of the circumstances analysis. No single document can approve the case by itself.

Source: https://www.uscis.gov/policy-manual/volume-1-part-e-chapter-6

What Makes I-751 Evidence Different from I-130 Evidence

One of the most common mistakes in I-751 filings is submitting the same type of evidence used for the original green card application without updating or expanding it.

At the I-751 stage, USCIS expects to see continuity and progression in your marriage, such as:

• Finances that became more intertwined over time
• A stable shared residence, or clear documentation explaining changes
• New responsibilities taken on as a married couple 
• Evidence that the couple has invested time and resources into sharing experiences together 

For example, a joint bank account opened early in the marriage becomes much stronger evidence when paired with recent statements that show regular, ongoing use. Evidence that shows transactions that stop shortly after the green card was issued may raise questions.

Source: https://www.uscis.gov/policy-manual/volume-12-part-g-chapter-5

Core Evidence USCIS Expects for I-751

Joint Financial History Over Time

Financial evidence plays a major role in I-751 cases because it reflects long-term trust, planning, and shared responsibility.

Helpful examples include joint:

• Bank accounts with consistent activity
• Tax returns filed as a married couple
• Shared insurance policies (health, auto, or life)
• Loans, mortgages, or major purchases
• Beneficiary designations on important accounts such as 401K, life insurance, etc. 

USCIS generally prefers fewer documents that span a longer period of time rather than many documents from a single month or year. This helps show stability rather than short-term arrangements. An example of this would be 4 shared bank statements per year for the full 2 years since receiving the green card.

Source: https://www.uscis.gov/forms/explore-my-options/evidence-of-relationship

Proof of Ongoing Shared Residence

Living together continues to be an important indicator of a real marriage during the conditional period. If you moved during the conditional period, that is completely normal. USCIS simply expects the move to make sense and be supported by documentation showing that the marriage continued during those transitions.

Strong evidence may include:

• Lease renewals or mortgage statements over multiple years
• Utility bills showing the same shared address over time
• Official mail sent to both spouses at the same residence

If you do not live together due to work, schooling, military service, or another valid reason, that does not automatically harm your case. However, if you do not have future plans to live together soon or have never lived together, your application may be treated with higher scrutiny. It can be helpful to clearly explain the situation and provide strong alternative proof that the relationship is ongoing and genuine.

Source: https://www.uscis.gov/forms/explore-my-options/evidence-of-relationship

Evidence That Shows the Marriage Has Grown

Life Changes and Shared Responsibilities

USCIS looks favorably on evidence that shows you are building a life together and that your relationship deepened during the conditional residence period. Evidence that demonstrates this may include:

• Birth certificates of children born during the marriage
• Records from healthcare providers indicating pending child birth
• Evidence of shared caregiving responsibilities
• Shared pet ownership or veterinary records
• Updated beneficiary designations on insurance or retirement accounts
• Large purchases made together, such as vehicles or homes. 

These types of documents help show that your marriage continued in a natural, evolving way, similar to many long-term marriages.

Source: https://www.uscis.gov/policy-manual/volume-12-part-g-chapter-5

Photos That Tell a Timeline

Photos remain helpful in I-751 cases, but quality and timing matter more than quantity. A clear timeline of photos helps USCIS visually confirm that the relationship continued well beyond the initial green card approval. Try to prioritize the years since originally applying for a green card.

Strong photo evidence shows:

• Different seasons and years
• Changes in appearance, homes, or family size
• Participation in each other’s family or social events

A smaller number of photos spread across months or years is usually more persuasive than many photos taken at the same time.

Source: https://www.uscis.gov/forms/explore-my-options/evidence-of-relationship

Letters of Support (Affidavits)

Affidavits are written statements from people who know you as a couple and can describe your relationship in their own words. Effective letters focus on how the marriage continued over time and describe changes the writer observed, rather than simply explaining how the couple met.

More specifically, strong affidavits typically explain:

• How the writer knows you
• How long they have known you
• Specific examples of your life together
• Why they believe your marriage is genuine

Affidavits can be especially helpful in I-751 filings when:

• Finances are limited
• Living arrangements changed
• There were extended separations due to work, school, or military service

While affidavits can strengthen a case, USCIS generally does not consider them sufficient on their own. They are most effective when combined with financial, residential, and documentary evidence. To learn more about these affidavits and how exactly to write them, check out our article here. 

Source: https://www.uscis.gov/policy-manual/volume-6-part-b-chapter-2

Why Variety and Consistency Matter More Than Volume

USCIS does not expect perfection, but case officers do expect honesty and credibility. Submitting hundreds of pages that repeat the same information can be less persuasive than a smaller, well-organized packet that highlights different aspects of married life.

The strongest I-751 cases usually include:

• Financial evidence
• Residential evidence
• Personal and social evidence
• Documentation covering the full conditional period

Together, these materials show a marriage that did not pause once the green card arrived.

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Source: https://www.uscis.gov/policy-manual/volume-1-part-e-chapter-6

Organizing Your I-751 Packet for Clarity

A well-organized I-751 packet helps USCIS review your case efficiently and reduces the risk of delays, RFEs, or interviews.

Many successful filings include:

• A brief cover letter explaining the timeline of the marriage
• Clearly labeled evidence sections
• Documents arranged in chronological order
• English translations for any foreign-language documents

While these strategies are technically not required by USCIS but can be helpful in telling your relationship “story” to USCIS. Don’t worry, SimpleCitizen’s software will help do all of this organizational work for you. 

Please remember that any document not in English must include a complete English translation with a signed certification from the translator. To learn more about providing translations, check out our article here. 

Additionally, remember that USCIS will keep whatever you send to them. Be sure to submit copies rather than originals, and always keep a complete copy for your records.

Source: https://www.uscis.gov/forms/filing-guidance/translations

Common I-751 Mistakes to Avoid

Providing strong, varied evidence can help avoid being issued a Request for Evidence (RFE), which is essentially just a letter from USCIS requesting additional information. While common, RFE’s can add stress and delays to application processing so they are nice to avoid, when possible. 

Some of the most common issues that lead to RFEs or interviews include:

• Submitting mostly old evidence from before the conditional green card
• Large gaps in documentation without explanation
• Inconsistent addresses or financial records
• Relying too heavily on affidavits instead of objective proof

Careful document collection, organization, and review before filing can significantly reduce the risk of delays. 

Source: https://www.uscis.gov/forms/filing-guidance/how-to-avoid-common-mistakes

Final Thoughts

Form I-751 is not about re-proving that you were legally married or revisiting your wedding day. It is about demonstrating that your marriage continued in good faith after the green card was granted and that your life together did not pause once immigration approval was secured.

The strongest I-751 petitions tell a clear story of continuity and growth. They show how finances became more intertwined, how living arrangements evolved, how responsibilities were shared, and how the relationship matured over time. When your evidence spans the full conditional period and comes from multiple areas of your life, USCIS can more easily understand your marriage as a real, ongoing partnership.

By focusing on the story your documents tell—rather than just the documents themselves—you give your I-751 petition the strongest possible foundation and move one step closer to permanent resident status with confidence

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How SimpleCitizen Can Help with Your I-751 Filing

Form I-751 can feel stressful because so much depends on showing that your marriage has lasted and grown over time. SimpleCitizen helps couples understand what USCIS expects at this stage, guiding you step by step through evidence collection and organization.

We’re happy you’re here! If you’re preparing to remove conditions on your green card, you can get started with SimpleCitizen today and file with confidence.

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When you apply for a green card through marriage, one of the most important questions immigration officials must answer is simple: Is this marriage real?

In immigration terms, a real marriage is called a bona fide marriage. Proving that your marriage is bona fide is not about submitting one perfect document or checking off a single requirement. Instead, it’s about showing a clear, believable story of two people who are building a life together as a married couple.

This guide explains what a bona fide marriage means, how U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) evaluates marriage evidence, which types of documents matter most, and how to organize everything into a strong, easy-to-understand evidence packet.

Please note: This content is for educational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. For advice about your specific situation, consult a licensed immigration attorney.

What Does “Bona Fide Marriage” Mean?

A bona fide marriage is a marriage entered into in good faith, with the genuine intention to live together as spouses and build a shared life. It is not a marriage entered into solely to obtain an immigration benefit.

USCIS does not expect couples to live identical lives or follow a specific formula. Every marriage looks different. Instead, officers look for reasonable proof that your relationship is genuine, ongoing, and consistent with how married couples typically live and make decisions together.

This is why a marriage certificate alone is not enough. While it proves that you are legally married, it does not show how you live your life as a couple. USCIS requires additional evidence that demonstrates shared responsibilities, emotional commitment, and long-term intent.

Source: https://www.uscis.gov/policy-manual/volume-12-part-g-chapter-2

How USCIS Evaluates Marriage Evidence

USCIS reviews marriage evidence using a flexible but structured approach. Officers are trained to look at the big picture, rather than focusing on any single document in isolation.

The Legal Standard: “Preponderance of the Evidence”

Marriage-based green card cases are evaluated under a standard called preponderance of the evidence. This means your evidence must show that it is more likely than not that your marriage is real.

You do not need to prove your relationship beyond all doubt. Instead, USCIS looks for enough credible and consistent evidence that, when considered together, supports the conclusion that your marriage is genuine.

Source: https://www.uscis.gov/policy-manual/volume-1-part-e-chapter-6

Your Evidence Is Reviewed Under the “Totality of the Circumstances” Presented

Once USCIS confirms that you submitted qualifying evidence, the officer reviews all documents together. This means that USCIS is reviewing your case under the totality of the circumstances presented by your evidence.

During their review, officers consider questions such as:

• Do the documents tell a consistent story?
• Do names, dates, and addresses align across records?
• Does the evidence show the relationship developed over time?
• Does the marriage appear integrated into everyday life?

Strong cases typically include evidence from multiple areas of life, rather than relying heavily on just one category. This means that officers are looking not only for quantity, but also for high quality pieces of evidence that demonstrate the bona fide nature of your relationship.

Source: https://www.uscis.gov/policy-manual/volume-12-part-g-chapter-2

Core Evidence That Forms the Foundation of Your Packet

Marriage Certificate

Your official marriage certificate establishes the legal relationship between you and your spouse and is required in all marriage-based cases. While essential, it serves only as the starting point of your evidence packet, not the deciding factor.

Joint Financial Evidence

Shared finances are one of the strongest indicators of a bona fide marriage because they show trust, cooperation, and long-term planning. They also demonstrate that both spouses are financially connected in meaningful ways that demonstrate you are building a life together.

Common examples include:

• Joint bank account statements
• Joint credit card statements
• Health, auto, or life insurance policies listing both spouses
• Joint tax returns
• Property deeds or vehicle titles in both names

Even modest financial sharing can be helpful. USCIS understands that couples manage money differently, but some level of financial connection is generally expected in a real marriage.

Source: https://www.uscis.gov/forms/explore-my-options/evidence-of-relationship

Proof of Shared Residence

Most married couples live together, so USCIS expects to see evidence of a shared address whenever possible.

Helpful documents include:

• Lease or mortgage agreements listing both spouses
• Utility bills showing both names and the same address
• Government-issued IDs showing matching addresses

If you do not live together due to work, schooling, military service, or another valid reason, that does not automatically harm your chances of approval. However, if you do not have future plans to live together soon, your application may be treated with higher scrutiny. It can be helpful to clearly explain the situation and provide strong alternative proof that the relationship is ongoing and genuine.

Source: https://www.uscis.gov/forms/explore-my-options/evidence-of-relationship

Personal Evidence That Brings Your Story to Life

Photographs Over Time

Photos help officers see your relationship as a real, lived experience. When it comes to photos, timing and variety matter more than quantity.

Strong photo evidence includes:

• Photos from different stages and milestones of your relationship
• Images with family members or friends
• Photos from everyday life, not only special events

A smaller number of photos spread across months or years is usually more persuasive than many photos taken at the same time.

Source: https://www.uscis.gov/forms/explore-my-options/evidence-of-relationship

Joint Travel and Experiences

Travel records show shared planning and meaningful experiences together, especially when couples spend time outside the home or spend money on making meaningful memories together.

Examples include:

• Flight itineraries listing both names
• Hotel or rental reservations
• Travel insurance or tour bookings

These records help demonstrate both emotional connection and practical coordination within the relationship.

Letters of Support (Affidavits)

Affidavits are written statements from people who know you as a couple and can describe your relationship in their own words.

Strong affidavits typically explain:

• How the writer knows you
• How long they have known you
• Specific examples of your life together
• Why they believe your marriage is genuine

While affidavits can strengthen a case, USCIS generally does not consider them sufficient on their own. They are most effective when combined with financial, residential, and documentary evidence. To learn more about these affidavits and for suggestions around how to write them, check out our article here.

Source: https://www.uscis.gov/policy-manual/volume-6-part-b-chapter-2

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Why Evidence Variety Matters

USCIS prefers varied evidence over repeated documents of the same type. For example, submitting many bank statements but no personal or residential evidence may raise questions about the overall picture of the marriage.

A strong packet usually includes a mix of:

• Official demographic records
• Financial documentation
• Proof of living arrangements
• Personal and social evidence
• Proof of time spent together

Together, these materials help tell a complete, believable story of a real marriage. As a general rule of thumb, it can be helpful to aim for approximately 8-15 different types of evidence. 

Source: https://www.uscis.gov/policy-manual/volume-1-part-e-chapter-6

Organizing Your Evidence Packet Effectively

Clear organization helps USCIS officers review your case efficiently and reduces the chance of confusion or delays. 

Many applicants include:

• A short cover letter summarizing the evidence
• A table of contents
• Clearly labeled sections
• Documents arranged in chronological order
• Written explanations or dates accompanying certain documents

These strategies are technically not required by USCIS but can be helpful in telling your relationship “story” to USCIS. Don’t worry, SimpleCitizen’s software will help do all of this organizational work for you. 

Please remember that any document not in English must include a complete English translation with a signed certification from the translator. To learn more about providing translations, check out our article here. 

Additionally, remember that USCIS will keep whatever you send to them. Be sure to submit copies rather than originals, and always keep a complete copy for your records.

Source: https://www.uscis.gov/forms/filing-guidance/translations

Common Mistakes That Lead to Delays or RFEs

Providing strong, varied evidence can help avoid being issued a Request for Evidence (RFE), which is essentially just a letter from USCIS requesting additional information. While common, RFE’s can add stress and delays to application processing so they are nice to avoid, when possible. 

Many applicants receive Requests for Evidence (RFEs) due to avoidable issues, such as:

• Relying on only one type of evidence
• Submitting documents with inconsistent dates or addresses
• Including vague or generic affidavits
• Failing to show the relationship over time
• Providing evidence that conflicts with the information provided in the application forms.
• Providing evidence that shows or implies illicit activity 

Careful document collection, organization, and review before filing can significantly reduce the risk of delays.

Source: https://www.uscis.gov/forms/filing-guidance/how-to-avoid-common-mistakes

Final Takeaway

A bona fide marriage packet is not about proving that you exchanged vows and said “I do.” It is about proving a genuine relationship and a shared life. When your evidence shows consistency, variety, and a clear timeline, USCIS can more easily understand your marriage.

By focusing on the full story of your relationship and presenting it clearly, you give your application the strongest possible foundation.

How SimpleCitizen Can Help

Preparing a strong bona fide marriage evidence packet can feel overwhelming, especially if you are unfamiliar with USCIS expectations. SimpleCitizen helps guide couples step by step, making it easier to gather the right documents, organize evidence clearly, and avoid common mistakes.

We’re happy you’re here! If you’re ready to move forward with confidence, you can get started with SimpleCitizen today and take some of the stress out of your marriage-based green card application.

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Applying for a family-based green card can feel like putting together a giant puzzle. Between confusing form numbers and multiple government agencies, it’s easy to feel overwhelmed at the start.

This guide breaks the process down into plain English, step by step, so you can understand what’s required and move forward with confidence.

This content is for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. For advice about your specific situation be sure to consult a licensed immigration attorney.

Which Green Card Forms Matter Most?

Most family-based green card cases rely on just three key forms. You can think of them as answering three basic questions: Who is sponsoring? Where is the applicant? And how will the green card be issued?

• Form I-130 – Proves the family relationship
• Form I-485 – Used when the applicant is inside the United States
• Form DS-260 – Used when the applicant is outside the United States
  

Once you know which of these forms apply to your situation, the rest of the process becomes much easier to understand.

Sponsor Status Matters: U.S. Citizen vs. Green Card Holder

Your sponsor’s immigration status directly affects how your case moves through the government’s review process and which forms you can file.

If the Sponsor Is a U.S. Citizen

• Spouses, parents, and unmarried children under 21 are considered Immediate Relatives
• No visa waitlist applies
  Eligible applicants may often file Form I-130 and Form I-485 at the same time (if inside the U.S.). This is often referred to as a “concurrent filing”
• Typically the fastest family-based green card path

If the Sponsor Is a Green Card Holder (LPR)

• Spouses and unmarried children fall into Family Preference categories
• Visa limits apply, which can cause waiting periods
• Applicants usually must wait for a visa to become available before filing Form I-485 or DS-260
  Processing times are often longer than for U.S. citizen sponsorships

Why this matters:
Filing too early—or choosing the wrong form based on sponsor status—can result in delays, rejected filings, or lost fees

1. Form I-130: The "Application Starter"

Every single family Green Card case starts here. Before the government gives anyone a Green Card, they want to make sure the family connection is real.

• Official Name: Form I-130, Petition for Alien Relative.
• The Goal: To prove that the sponsor (a U.S. citizen or Green Card holder) is actually related to the person who wants to move to the U.S.
• Who signs it: The Sponsor
• Proof needed: You’ll need evidence that the claimed relationship is legitimate. This includes but is not limited to: marriage certificates, birth certificates, adoption certificates, death certificates, and other relationship evidence.

Important: This form is just an "initiator." It does not let the relative work or live in the U.S. yet. It just puts them in the "waiting room" for the next step.

2. Choosing Your Path: The Fork in the Road

This is the most important part to remember: You will only ever file either the I-485 or the DS-260. You never file both, because they are for two different locations.

Path A: Form I-485 (The "Inside the U.S." Path)

If the person wanting the Green Card is already physically INSIDE the United States on a temporary visa (like a visitor or student visa), and they meet the necessary eligibility requirements, they would use Form I-485.

• Official Name: Adjustment of Status.
• The Goal: To "adjust" from a temporary visitor to a permanent resident without ever leaving the country.
• Perks: While this form is being processed, the applicant can often get a "Work Permit" (to get a job) and "Travel Parole" (to visit home and come back).

Path B: Form DS-260 (The "Outside the U.S." Path)

If the person wanting the Green Card is living OUTSIDE the United States at the time of filing, they skip the I-485 and use the DS-260 instead.

• Official Name: Immigrant Visa Electronic Application.
• The Goal: To get an "Immigrant Visa" stamped into their passport at a U.S. Embassy or Consulate.
• The Process: After the I-130 is approved, the case is sent to the "National Visa Center." The applicant fills out the DS-260 online and goes to an interview in their home country.
• The Result: Once they fly to the U.S. with that visa, they become a permanent resident the moment they get that visa stamped and enter into the United States. The green card will then be mailed to them within 45-90 days.

3. Why the Sponsor's Status Matters

The speed of your application depends on whether the sponsor is a U.S. Citizen or a Green Card Holder (LPR).

• U.S. Citizen Sponsors: If you are a spouse, parent, or minor child of a citizen, you are an "Immediate Relative." There is no waiting list. You can often file your forms right away.
• Green Card Holder Sponsors: If the sponsor is not yet a citizen, the applicant is put in a "Preference Category" when they file Form I-130. Because there are limits on how many people can join each year, there is usually a waiting list that can last several months or even years before they can complete the remaining steps to get a green card.

Summary: Which Form Do You Need?

Note: Both paths still require the Form I-130 to be filed first (or at the same time, if eligible).

Common Mistakes to Avoid

• Wrong Location: Filing an I-485 while the person is still in their home country. This often results in a rejection.
• Missing Evidence: Forgetting to include proof of the relationship, like bank statements or photos, with Form I-130.
• Ignoring Wait Times: Assuming you can file for a Green Card immediately when your sponsor is not yet a U.S. citizen.

Ready to take the next step?

Understanding which forms apply to your situation is often the hardest part of the family-based green card process. Once you know your path, the next step is gathering your documents and completing the forms correctly.

That’s where SimpleCitizen can help. Our platform guides you through the Form I-130 and/or Form I-485 filing processes step by step and makes it easy to upload and organize your documents—all in one place. Not to mention the peace of mind that comes from having everything reviewed by one of our independent partner immigration attorneys. 

We’re happy you’re here! Whether you’re just getting started or ready to file, SimpleCitizen is here to help you move forward with confidence.

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Please note that form DS-260 and consular processing are completed directly by the applicant through the NVC and are not currently supported by SimpleCitizen’s platform.

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On January 21, 2026, the U.S. government made a major change to immigrant visa processing. The U.S. Department of State announced that it will pause the issuance of immigrant visas for people from 75 countries. This pause has no end date yet.

Below is a simple breakdown of what this means, who is affected, and what applicants should expect.

What Is Changing?

The State Department is temporarily not issuing immigrant visas (green cards processed at U.S. embassies and consulates abroad) for nationals of certain countries.

This pause gives the government time to review how it decides whether someone might become financially dependent on the U.S. government, a concept known as “public charge.”

Even though visas are not being issued right now:

• People can still apply
• Interviews are still happening
• Cases will continue to be processed

But no immigrant visas to people from 75 countries will be approved until the pause is lifted.

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Why Is This Happening?

U.S. immigration law allows the government to deny a visa if it believes a person is likely to depend on government financial help in the future. This is called a public charge determination.

In late 2025, the State Department gave consular officers new guidance that expanded how public charge reviews are done. This guidance tells consular officers that grant visas to:

• Look more closely at health conditions
• Consider an applicant’s age, education, job skills, and finances
• Review health issues of applicants’ family members, even if they are not applying
  

The government is now reassessing these rules, which led to the pause in immigrant visa issuance.

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Which Countries Are Affected?

Note that some of these countries were already subject to full or partial travel bans, which means the news of this policy change may be less urgent for certain applicants.

Who Is Not Affected?

This pause applies only to immigrant visas processed outside the U.S. It does not apply to non-immigrant visas. This means it does not affect:

• Student visas (F-1, J-1)
• Work visas such as (H-1B, O-1, TN, E-3)
• Visitor visas (B-1/B-2)
• People from the list of 75 countries already in the U.S. applying for a green card through USCIS, as long as they are not covered by a separate January 1 memo tied to a presidential proclamation 10998.

Important Consideration:

Some foreign nationals with citizenship from more than one country and using a passport from a country not on the list, may not be affected by this pause.

What Should Applicants Expect?

• Delays are likely, especially for families waiting for green cards through consular processing
• There is no announced end date for the policy
• Public charge reviews may become more detailed and stricter, even for some nonimmigrant visas
• Applicants should watch for messages from USCIS and/or the State Department about their case

Bottom Line

The immigrant visa pause is a processing freeze, not a complete shutdown. Applications can still be submitted and interviews at the time of this post are being scheduled by some Department of State offices, but approvals are on hold while the government rethinks how it evaluates public charge risk.

If you or a family member is affected, we know this news may cause stress and disappointment. We encourage you to stay informed and be prepared for delays. More updates are expected once the State Department finishes reviewing its policies. 

Rest assured that SimpleCitizen is here to help you stay informed. Stay tuned to SimpleCitizen's learning center for more information about this policy change and more as the immigration landscape evolves. And, as always, we’re happy you’re here!

What Is an RFE?

When you apply for an immigration benefit—such as a green card, work permit, or visa—USCIS reviews your application to decide whether it meets all requirements. Sometimes USCIS cannot make a decision because something is missing, unclear, or needs more documentation. When that happens, they may issue a Request for Evidence (RFE).

An RFE is not a denial. It means USCIS is giving you an opportunity to fix issues or provide additional proof so they can continue reviewing your case.

It’s important to remember that it is the responsibility of the applicant to prove to USCIS that they meet the requirements. Based on the information provided, it is then USCIS’ job to determine if the requirements have been met. 

This content is for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. For advice about your specific situation, consult a licensed immigration attorney.

What’s Inside an RFE Notice?

Most RFE notices follow a structured format designed to tell you exactly what USCIS needs. You’ll typically see sections that explain:

• The rule or requirement USCIS is applying.
• What evidence you already submitted.
• What is missing, incomplete, or unclear (this is the most important section).
• How and when to respond, including the deadline and submission method.

A strong response directly addresses each request, in the same order USCIS lists them.

Why RFEs Matter

RFEs are common, but how you handle them matters a lot. Responding on your own can be risky if:

• You misunderstand what USCIS is asking for.
• You leave out required documents or explanations.
• You send a "piecemeal" response: USCIS generally only allows one response. If you send documents separately, they may ignore the second mailing and deny your case based on the first incomplete package.
• You miss the deadline (Note: Pandemic-era extensions have ended; deadlines are now firm).
• You send disorganized or incomplete materials.

Any of these issues can lead to a denial—even if the underlying case might otherwise be approvable. For people who are unsure how to respond, getting structured support can help reduce mistakes and stress. SimpleCitizen offers optional RFE support for existing customers who want guidance through this step.

Quick Reference: RFE Dos and Don’ts

How to Respond to an RFE (Best-Practice Overview)

This section explains general best practices and is meant to help you understand how RFEs are commonly handled. As a reminder, this is not legal advice. If you have questions or concerns for how to respond to your own RFE, please consult a licensed immigration attorney. 

1) Read the RFE Carefully

Read the notice more than once. Pay close attention to exactly what USCIS is requesting and whether they want documents, explanations, or both. Look for specific formatting or submission instructions. Remember, small details matter!

2) Create a Clear Checklist

Break the RFE into a checklist of individual requests. This helps ensure nothing is overlooked and makes it easier to organize your response in a way USCIS can quickly review.

3) Prepare a Written Response Letter

In addition to gathering documents, you should include a written response letter (cover letter). 

This letter typically:

• Identifies your case (names and receipt number).
• Lists each RFE request in order.
• Briefly explains what you are submitting for each item.

4) Include Only Relevant, Certified Evidence

Submit the specific evidence USCIS asked for. If a document is in a language other than English, you must include a certified translation. This includes a statement signed by the translator verifying that the translation is accurate and they are competent to translate.

5) Organize the Packet Clearly

A common organization approach includes:

• The original RFE notice on top (USCIS uses the barcode on this sheet to route your file).
• Your response cover letter.
• Evidence grouped and labeled to match each request.

6) Meet the Deadline Exactly

If USCIS does not receive your response by the deadline, they may deny the case. Build in time for mailing delays and always keep your tracking number and proof of delivery. Remember that USCIS will typically act based off of the day the shipment arrived, not the date the shipment was sent. 

Common Mistakes to Avoid

• Sending an incomplete response: Forgetting one item can lead to an immediate denial. 
• Skipping a request: If a request is confusing, provide a written explanation rather than ignoring it.
• Standard translations: Failing to include the "Certification by Translator" statement for non-English documents.
• Waiting until the last day: Mail delays are common; aim to have your packet arrive at least one week before the deadline.
• Sending a response to the wrong place: The RFE letter includes strict instructions on how, when, and where to send the RFE response. This can be a physical USCIS location or an online location. Pay closer attention and make sure you submit your response the correct way. 

Final Thoughts

An RFE is USCIS saying: “We can’t finish reviewing your case yet—please show us exactly what we asked for.” Handled well, an RFE is often just a detour. Handled poorly, it can lead to a denial that creates delays, added costs, or long-term immigration complications.

If you’re an existing SimpleCitizen customer and feel unsure about how to respond, SimpleCitizen offers optional RFE support you can purchase to help you organize, understand, and respond to the notice correctly and on time.

If you’ve received an RFE and want extra guidance, explore SimpleCitizen’s RFE support options to get help preparing a clear, complete response—before the deadline. We’re happy you’re here!

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Last Updated: December 18, 2025

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Effective December 12, 2025, USCIS has changed how it decides whether it can reuse a photo you already gave them for your immigration application. This update affects many people who apply for immigration benefits and receive identity documents like work permits or travel documents.

Here’s what you need to know:

What Is a “Reused Photo”?

When you apply for an immigration benefit, USCIS often takes your photo at a biometric services appointment. This usually happens at an Application Support Center.

In the past, USCIS sometimes reused an old photo instead of asking you to come in for a new one. This helped reduce in-person visits, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Why Did USCIS Change the Policy?

Under earlier rules, USCIS could reuse old photos. In some cases, the photo on an identity document could be 20+ years old by the time the document expired.

USCIS decided this was not ideal for secure identity documents. So, the agency updated the rules to make sure photos are more recent and accurate.

The New Rule: 3-Year Photo Limit

Under the new policy:

• USCIS can only reuse a photo if it was taken within the last 3 years (36 months)
• The 3-year clock is counted from the date the photo was taken at a biometric services appointment
• The rule applies at the time you file your application.

If the photo USCIS has on file for you is older than 3 years, USCIS will require you to take a new photo.

Which Applications Always Need a New Photo?

Even if your photo is recent, USCIS will not reuse photos for these applications:

• Form N-400 (Naturalization)
• Form N-600 (Certificate of Citizenship)
• Form I-90 (Replace or Renew a Green Card)
• Form I-485 (Adjustment of Status)
  

For these forms, USCIS will always collect new biometrics, including a new photograph.

Important Things to Know

• USCIS can still ask for a new photo at any time, even if your old photo is less than 3 years old
• USCIS will not use photos you upload yourself
  The old rules about calculating photo age based on document validity are gone
• The new rule is simpler and stricter

When Does This Take Effect?

• The policy is effective immediately
• It applies to applications filed on or after December 12, 2025
• It replaces any older USCIS guidance on photo reuse

Bottom Line

If you filed an immigration application recently:

• Your photo must have been taken within the last 3 years for USCIS to reuse it
• Many common applications will still require a new photo no matter what
• USCIS has the final say on whether a new photo is needed

Remember, if USCIS asks you to attend a biometric appointment, it does not mean something is wrong—it simply means they need updated information.

You can rely on SimpleCitizen to keep you updated on immigration policy changes as they are announced. We’re happy you’re here!

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This is legal information. Nothing in this blog post should be interpreted as legal advice. For legal advice specific to your immigration situation consult with a licensed immigration attorney.